目录
- 正文
- ApplicationListener介绍
- ApplicationListener使用
- 定义事件:
- 定义事件的监听者
- 发布事件
- 监听者收到发布的事件信息
- ApplicationListener作用
- ApplicationListener注册
- ApplicationListener执行
- 总结
正文
对于ApplicationListener使用Spring的应该也熟悉,因为这就是我们平时学习的观察者模式的实际代表。
Spring基于Java提供的EventListener实现了一套以Spring容器为基础的观察者模式的事件监听功能,
用于只要实现Spring提供的接口完成事件的定义和监听者的定义,那么就可以很快速的接入观察者模式的实现。
ApplicationListener介绍
说ApplicationListener之前先要知道EventListener。
EventListener本身是一个接口,它的作用跟前面讲到的Aware类似,都是只定义最顶级的接口,并没有实习对应的方法,并且该接口也是由JDK提供的,并不是直接由Spring提供,Spring只是基于该接口实现了自己的一套事件监听功能。
在Spring中实现事件监听的接口是ApplicationListener,该接口继承了EventListener,并做了对应的实现。
源码如下:
package java.util; /** * A tagging interface that all event listener interfaces must extend. * @since JDK1.1 */ public interface EventListener { }
@FunctionalInterface public interface ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener { //监听者监听事件的逻辑处理 void onApplicationEvent(E event); static <T> ApplicationListener<PayloadApplicationEvent<T>> forPayload(Consumer<T> consumer) { return event -> consumer.accept(event.getPayload()); } }
ApplicationListener使用
对于ApplicationListener的使用,因为Spring已经做了自己的封装,并且以Spring容器为基础做了实现,那么开发者使用时也可以很快的上手,只要简单的配置即可。
定义事件:
//事件继承Spring中的ApplicationEvent public class MyEvent extends ApplicationEvent { private String name; public MyEvent(ApplicationContext source,String name) { super(source); this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } }
定义事件的监听者
//定义监听者实现ApplicationListener,并通过泛型声明监听的事件 @Component public class MyEventListener implements ApplicationListener<MyEvent> { @Override public void onApplicationEvent(MyEvent event) { System.out.println("监听MyEvent:收到消息时间:"+event.getTimestamp()+"【消息name:"+event.getName() + "】"); } }
@Component public class MyEventProcessor implements ApplicationContextAware { private ApplicationContext applicationContext; @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { this.applicationContext = applicationContext; } public ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() { return applicationContext; } }
发布事件
@SpringBootApplication public class BootApplication { @Resource private DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultListableBeanFactory; @Resource private MySpringAware mySpringAware; @Resource private MyEventProcessor myEventProcessor; python public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(BootApplication.class,args); } @PostConstruct public void init() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = myEventProcessor.getApplicationContext(); //发布事件,事件发布之后,前面订阅的监听者就会监听到该事件发布的消息 applicationContext.publishEvent(new MyEvent(applicationContext,"陈汤姆")); applicationContext.publishEvent(new MyEvent(applicationContext,"陈汤姆2")); 编程客栈} }
监听者收到发布的事件信息
ApplicationListener作用
从以上的例子中可以看到ApplicationListner的模式就是设计模式中的观察者模式。
观察者模式的作用很好的解决了同步交互的问题。
以发送者和接收者为例,接收者接收消息如果同步场景下需要与发送者实现同步调用,但是这样就导致两者之间无法解耦,而ApplicationListener就是解决同步的问题,ApplicationListener可以提供半解耦的方式实现两者之间的交互,即发送者发送消息不需要与接收者之间实现同步通知,只要订阅发送者的事件即可完成双发的交互。
这里为什么是半解耦,因为两者之间还是有一定交互的,交互的点就在于发送者的发送方需要维护一个接收者的集合,发送方在发送时需要将具体的接收者放在集合中,在发送时通过遍历集合发送给接收方,执行接收方的业务处理。
在ApplicationListener这个集合就是public final Set<ApplicationListener<?>> applicationListeners = new LinkedHashSet<>(); 这个集合中就存储了接收者的实例,最终会遍历该集合执行接收者的业务逻辑。
这里抛一个问题,其实ApplicationListener的功能通过MQ也可以实现,那么观察者模式和发布订阅模式的区别是什么呢?欢迎评论区一起讨论!
ApplicationListener注册
对于ApplicationListener的注册比较好梳理的,只要找到存储ApplicationListener的集合就可以知道怎么add集合的。
在Spring中ApplicationListener的注册也是在Spring中实现的。
具体的梳理逻辑如下:
org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#refresh
org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#registerListeners
org.springframework.context.event.AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster#addApplicationListener
源码梳理如下:
public abstract class AbstractApplicationContext extends DefaultResourceLoader implements ConfigurableApplicationContext { @Override public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException { synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) { // Prepare this context for refreshing. prepareRefresh(); // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory. ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory(); // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context. prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory); try { // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses. androidpostProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory); // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context. invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation. registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Initialize message source for this context. initMessageSource(); // Initialize event multicaster for this context. initApplicationEventMulticaster(); // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses. onRefresh(); //注册观察者 registerListeners(); // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons. finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory); // Last step: publish corresponding event. finishRefresh(); } catch (BeansException ex) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " + "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex); } // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources. destroyBeans(); // Reset 'active' flag. cancelRefresh(ex); // Propagate exception to caller. throw ex; } finally { // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore... resetCommonCaches(); } } } //将观察者注入到集合中 protected void registerListeners() { // Register statically specified listeners first. for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners()) { getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListener(listener); } // Do not initialize FactoryBeans here: We need to leave all regular beans // uninitialized to let post-processors apply to them! String[] listenerBeaiwXsKRXnNames = getBeanNamesForType(ApplicationListener.class, true, false); for (String listenerBeanName : listenerBeanNames) { //调用集合的add操作 getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListenerBean(listenerBeanName); } // Publish early application events now that we finally have a multicaster... Set<ApplicationEvent> earlyEventsToProcess = this.earlyApplicationEvents; this.earlyApplicationEvents = null; if (earlyEventsToProcess != null) { for (ApplicationEvent earlyEvent : earlyEventsToProcess) { //获取观察者的集合 getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(earlyEvent); } } } }
public abstract class AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster implements ApplicationEventMulticaster, BeanClassLoaderAware, BeanFactoryAware { private class ListenerRetriever { //存储观察者的集合 public final Set<ApplicationListener<?>> applicationListeners = new LinkedHashSet<>(); public final Set<String> applicationListenerBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(); private final boolean preFiltered; public ListenerRetriever(boolean preFiltered) { this.preFiltered = preFiltered; } //获取观察者的集合 public Collection<ApplicationListener<?>> getApplicationListeners() { List<ApplicationListener<?>> allListeners = new ArrayList<>( this.applicationListeners.size() + this.applicationListenerBeans.size()); allListeners.addAll(this.applicationListeners); if (!this.applicationListenerBeans.isEmpty()) { BeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory(); for (String listenerBeanName : this.applicationListenerBeans) { try { ApplicationListener<?> listener = beanFactory.getBean(listenerBeanName, ApplicationListener.class); if (this.preFiltered || !allListeners.contains(listener)) { allListeners.add(listener); } } catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) { // Singleton listener instance (without backing bean definition) disappeared - // probably in the middle of the destruction phase } } } if (!this.preFiltered || !this.applicationListenerBeans.isEmpty()) { AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(allListeners); } return allListeners; } } }
从以上的源码可以看到核心的集合就是applicationListeners。可以根据该集合梳理注册和执行流程。
ApplicationListener执行
注册梳理清晰,那么执行自然也很好梳理了, 毕竟使用的都是同一个集合。
ApplicationListener的执行其实就是观察者的执行,也就是在使用篇章中的MyEventListener,在MyEventListener中重写了onApplicationEvent,其中实现了自己的逻辑,那么执行就是将MyEventListener中重写的方式如何在没有同步调用的情况下执行。
执行的实现就是依赖观察者的集合,在注册中我们已经将所有的观察者添加到了ApplicationListener集合中,只要将该集合中的观察者取出执行,即可完成半解耦的执行。
梳理流程如下:
org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher#publishEvent(org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent)
org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#publishEvent(java.lang.Object, org.springframework.core.ResolvableType)
org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster#multicastEvent(org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent, org.springframework.core.ResolvableType)
org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster#invokeListener
org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster#doInvokeListener
源码如下:
public class SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster extends AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster { @Override public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) { ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event)); //getApplicationListeners就是获取ApplicationListener的集合 for (final ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) { Executor executor = getTaskExecutor(); if (executor != null) { //执行监听者的 executor.execute(() -> invokeListener(listener, event)); } else { invokeListener(listener, event); } } } //执行监听者逻辑 protected void invokeListener(ApplicationListener<?> listener, ApplicationEvent event) { ErrorHandler errorHandler = g开发者_Go开发etErrorHandler(); if (errorHandler != null) { try { doInvokeListener(listener, event); } catch (Throwable err) { errorHandler.handleError(err); } } else { doInvokeListener(listener, event); } } //最终执行逻辑 private void doInvokeListener(ApplicationListener listener, ApplicationEvent event) { try { //调用监听者重写的onApplicationEvent方法 listener.onApplicationEvent(event); } catch (ClassCastException ex) { String msg = ex.getMessage(); if (msg == null || matchesClassCastMessage(msg, event.getClass())) { // Possibly a lambda-defined listener which we could not resolve the generic event type for // -> let's suppress the exception and just log a debug message. Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass()); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Non-matching event type for listener: " + listener, ex); } } else { throw ex; } } } }
总结
从以上的梳理中,对ApplicationListener的逻辑做一个总结,对于ApplicationListener整体逻辑梳理如下:
- 定义事件:MyEvent就是自定义的事件
- 定义监听者:MyEventListener就是自定义的MyEvent的事件监听者,只要MyEvent事件被触发,那么MyEventListener就会自动执行
- 监听者注册:将MyEventListener注册到ApplicationListener集合中
- 发布事js件:将自定的MyEvent发布,发布之后监听者就会收到通知
- 读取注册的监听者:将前面注册到ApplicationListner集合的数据读取
- 执行监听者监听逻辑:将读取到的ApplicationListner集合执行MyEventListner的onApplicationEvent
以上就是自己关于Spring中ApplicationListener的理解,更多关于Spring ApplicationListener的资料请关注我们其它相关文章!
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