目录
- And
- Or
- Const
- Optional
- Use
- Regex
- Forbidden
使用
schema
库来执行数据结构的校验。schema
是一个简单而强大的库,用于定义和验证 python 数据结构的约束
And
And
代表必选,数据结构里必须包含这个 schema,如下方声明了name
,则代表这个name
必须存在与字典中
from schema import Schema, And, SchemaError user_schema = Schema([ { "name": And(str) } ]) user_data_1 = [{ "name": "jruing", }] user_data_2 = [{ "name": 666, }] try: user_result_1 = user_schema.validate(user_data_1) print(f"数据校验user_result_1:{user_result_1}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_1:{e}") try: user_result_2 = user_schema.validate(user_data_2) print(f"数据校验user_result_2:{user_result_2}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_2:{e}") ==========调用结果========== 数据校验user_result_1:[{'name': 'jruing'}] 数据校验异常user_result_2:Or({'name': And(<class 'str'>)}) did not validate {'name': 666} Key 'name' error:gbGvZDFcTn 666 should be instance of 'str'
Or
Or
代表值的类型必须为某两个类型,比如int
或float
,tuple
或list
from schema import Schema, And, SchemaError, Or user_schema = Schema([ { "name": And(str), "money": Or(int,float) } ]) user_data_1 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000, }] user_data_2 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000.1, }] user_data_3 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": "1000.1", }] try: user_result_1 = user_schema.validate(user_data_1) print(f"数据校验user_result_1:{user_result_1}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_1:{e}") try: user_result_2 = user_schema.validate(user_data_2) print(f"数据校验user_result_2:{user_result_2}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_2:{e}") try: user_result_3 = user_schema.validate(user_data_3) print(f"数据校验user_result_3:{user_result_3}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_3:{e}") ==========调用结果========== 数据校验user_result_1:[{'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000, 'addr': '中国', 'country': '中国', 'email': '123456@qq.com'}] 数据校验异常user_result_2:Or({'name': And(<class 'str'>), 'money': Or(<class 'int'>, <class 'float'>), Optional('addr'): And(<class 'str'>), Optional('email'): And(<class 'str'>, Regex('^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$', flags=re.IGNORECASE)), 'country': Const('中国')}) did not validate {'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000.1, 'addr': '1111', 'country': '山西', 'email': '123456'} Key 'country' error: '中国' does not match '山西'
Const
Const
代表值必须为指定的某个常量,比如下面的country
必须为中国
import re from schema import Schema, And, SchemaError, Or, Optional, Regex, Const user_schema = Schema([ { "name": And(str), "money": Or(int, float), Optional("addr"): And(str), Optional("email"): And(str, Regex(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$', flags=re.I)), "country": Const("中国") } ]) user_data_1 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000, "addr": "中国", "country": "中国", "email": "123456@qq.com" }] user_data_2 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000.1, "addr": "1111", "country": "山西", "email": "123456" }] try: user_result_1 = user_schema.validate(user_data_1) print(f"数据校验user_result_1:{user_rjavascriptesult_1}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_1:{e}") try: user_result_2 = user_schema.validate(user_data_2) print(f"数据校验user_result_2:{user_result_2}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_2:{e}") ==========调用结果========== 数据校验user_result_1:[{'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000, 'addr': '中国', 'country': '中国', 'email': '123456@qq.com'}] 数据校验异常user_result_2:Or({'name': And(<class 'str'>), 'money': Or(<class 'int'>, <class 'float'>), Optional('addr'): And(<class 'str'>), Optional('email'): And(<class 'str'>, Regex('^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$', flags=re.IGNORECASE)), 'country': Const('中国')}) did not validate {'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000.1, 'addr': '1111', 'country': '山西', 'email': '123456'} Key 'country' error: '中国' does not match '山西'
Optional
Optional
代表这个key或者元素为非必选,可有可无
from schema import Schema, And, SchemaError, Or, Optional user_schema = Schema([ { "name": And(str), "money": Or(int, float), Optional("addr"): And(str) } ]) user_data_1 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000, "addr": "中国" }] user_data_2 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000.1, }] try: user_result_1 = user_schema.validate(user_data_1) print(f"数据校验user_result_1:{user_result_1}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_1:{e}") try: user_result_2 = user_schema.validate(user_data_2) print(f"数据校验user_result_2:{user_result_2}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_2:{e}") ==========调用结果========== 数据校验user_result_1:[{'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000, 'addr': '中国'}] 数据校验user_result_2:[{'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000.1}]
Use
Use
函数允许你在验证前对数据进行转换。这对于在验证之前对数据进行清理、格式化或其他操作非常有用。
import re from schema import Schema, And, SchemaError, Or, Optional, Regex, Const, Use user_schema = Schema([ { "name": And(str), "money": Or(int, float), "age": Use(int), Optional("addr"): And(str), Optional("email"): And(str, Regex(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$', flags=re.I)), Optional("country"): Const("中国") } ]) user_data_1 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000, "age": 11, "addr": "中国", "country": "中国", "email": "123456@qq.com" }] user_data_2 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000.1, "age": "18", "addr": "1111", "email": "123456@qq.com" }] user_data_3 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000.1, "age": "fff", "addr": "1111", "email": "123456@qq.com" }] try: user_result_1 = user_schema.validate(user_data_1) print(f"数据校验user_result_1:{user_result_1}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_1:{e}") try: user_result_2 = user_schema.validate(user_data_2) print(f"数据校验user_result_2:{user_result_2}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_2:{e}") try: user_result_3 = user_schema.validate(user_data_3) print(f"数据校验user_result_3:{user_result_3}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_3:{e}") ==========调用结果========== 数据校验user_result_1:[{'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000, 'age': 11, 'addr': '中国', 'country': '中国', 'email': '123456@qq.com'}] 数据校验user_result_2:[{'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000.1, 'age': 18, 'addr': '1111', 'email': '123456@qq.com'}] 数据校验异常user_result_3:Or({'name': And(<class 'str'>), 'money': Or(<class 'int'>, <class 'float'>), 'age': Use(<class 'int'>), Optional('addr'): And(<class 'str'>), Optional('email'): And(<class 'str'>, Regex('^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$', flags=re.IGNORECASE)), Optional('country'): Const('中国')}) did not validate {'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000.1, 'age': 'fff', 'addr': '1111', 'email': '123456@qq.com'} Key 'age' error: int('fff') raised ValueError("invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'fff'")
Regex
通过正则表达式,对值进行匹配校验,常用的就是邮箱,手机号等场景
import re from schema import Schema, And, SchemaError, Or, Optional, Regex user_schema = Schema([ { "name": And(str), "money": Or(int, float), Optional("addr"): And(str), Optional("email"): And(str, Regex(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$', flags=re.I)) } ]) user_data_1 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000, "addr": "中国", "email": "123456@qq.com" }] user_data_2 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000.1, "addr": "1111", "email": "123456" }] try: user_result_1 = user_schema.validate(user_data_1) print(f"数据校验user_result_1:{user_result_1}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_1:{e}") t编程客栈ry: user_result_2 = user_schema.validate(user_data_2) print(f"数据校验user_result_2:{user_result_2}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_2:{e}") ==========调用结果========== 数据校验user_result_1:[{'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000, 'addr': '中国', 'email': '123456@qq.com'}] 数据校验异常user_result_2:Or({'name': And(<class 'str'>), 'money': Or(<class 'int'>, <class 'float'>), Optional('addr'): And(<class 'str'>), Optional('email'): And(<class 'str'>, Regex('^[a-zA-Z0-9_http://www.devze.com.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$', flags=re.IGNORECASE))}) did not validate {'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000.1, 'addr': '1111', 'email': '123456'} Key 'email' error: Regex('^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$', flags=re.IGNORECASE) does not match '123456'
Forbidden
Forbidder
允许你定义一些不被允许的值,如果数据中包含这些值,验证将失败,下面的例子表示密码password
字段的值不允许设置为123456
import re from schema import Schema, And, SchemaError, Or, Optional, Regex, Const, Use, Forbidden user_schema = Schema([ { "name": And(str), "money": Or(int, float), "age": Use(int), Optional("addr"): And(str), Optional("email"): And(str, Regex(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$', flags=re.I)), Optional("country"): Const("中国"), "password": And(str, Forbidden("123456")) } ]) user_data_1 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000, "age": 11, "addr": "中国", "country": "中国", "email": "123456@qq.com", "password": "123456" }] user_data_2 = [{ "name": "jruing", "money": 1000.1, "age": "18", "addr": "1111", "email": "123456@qq.com", "password": "1234561" }] try: user_result_1 = user_schema.validate(user_data_1) print(f"数据校验user_result_1:{user_result_1}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_1:{e}") try: user_result_2 = user_schema.validate(user_data_2) print(f"数据校验user_result_2:{user_result_2}") except SchemaError as e: print(f"数据校验异常user_result_2:{e}") ==========调用结果========== 数据校验user_result_1:[{'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000, 'age': 11, 'addr': '中国', 'country': '中国', 'egbGvZDFcTnmail': '123456@qq.com', 'password': '123456'}] 数据校验异常user_result_2:Or({'name': And(<class 'str'>), 'money': Or(<class 'int'>, <class 'float'>), 'age': Use(<class 'int'>), Optional('addr'): And(<class 'str'>), Optional('email'): And(<class 'str'>, Regex('^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$', flags=re.IGNORECASE)), Optional('country'): Const('中国'), 'password': And(<class 'str'>, Forbidden('123456'))}) did not validate {'name': 'jruing', 'money': 1000.1, 'age': '18', 'addr': '1111', 'email': '123456@qq.com', 'password': '1234561'} Key 'password' error: '123456' does not match '1234561'
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