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使用stream的Collectors.toMap()方法常见的问题及解决

开发者 https://www.devze.com 2023-03-06 10:27 出处:网络 作者: Rookie_cc
目录使用stream的Collectors.toMap()方法常见问题在使用过程中有两个小坑需要注意解决方案Stream ToMap(Collectors.toMap) 实践Requirements如下实现List转换为Map问题分析总结使用stream的Collectors.toMap()方法常
目录
  • 使用stream的Collectors.toMap()方法常见问题
    • 在使用过程中有两个小坑需要注意
    • 解决方案
  • Stream ToMap(Collectors.toMap) 实践
    • Requirements
    • 如下实现List转换为Map
    • 问题分析
  • 总结

    使用stream的Collectors.toMap()方法常见问题

    Java8开始的流式编程很大程度上简化了我们的代码,提高了开发效率。

    我们经常会使用到stream的Collectors.toMap()来将List转换Map

    在使用过程中有两个小坑需要注意

    1、java.lang.IllegalStateException: Duplicate key

    2、java.lang.NullPointerException

    第一个是由于在List转Map过程中Map集合的key重复导致的;

    第二个是由于在List转Map过程中Map集合的value有null导致的(当存在value值为空时,使用Collectors.toMap()会报NPE,因为底层调用了Map的merge方法,而map方法规定了此处的vlue不能为null,从而抛出空指针异常);

    解决方案

    1、Collectors.toMap(dto ->key值 , dto -> dto,(v1,v2) -> v1)

    在后面添加(v1,v2)->v1 指定选取第一个值 当key值重复的时候,根据情况而定选取第一个还是第二个)

    2、自定义一个Map来接收,不使用Collectors.toMap()

    使用stream的Collectors.toMap()方法常见的问题及解决

    第一种情况示例:

    import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.stream.Collectors;
    import lombok.Data;
     
    public class Test {
     
        private static List<User> userList = Lists.newArrayList();
     
        @Data
        public static class User {
            private String userCode;
            private String userName;
        }
     
        /**
         * 初始化数据
         * (这里的userCode=10002重复)
         */
        public static void initData() {
            User user1 = new User();
            user1.setUserCode("10001");
            user1.setUserName("张三");
     
            User user2 = new User();
            user2.setUserCode("10002");
            user2.setUserName("李四");
     
            User user3 = new User();
            user3.setUserCode("10002");
            user3.setUserName("王五");
     
            userList.add(user1);
            userList.add(user2);
            userList.add(user3);
        }
     
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            initData();
            //反例
          //  Map<String, String> userMap = userList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Use开发者_JAVAr::getUserCode, User::getUserName));
     
            //正例,在后面添加(u1,u2)->u1 指定选取第一个值 当key值重复的时候,根据情况而定选取第一个还是第二个
            Map<String, String> userMap = userList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(User::getUserCode, User::getUserName, (u1, u2) -> u1));
     
            System.out.println(userMap);
        }
    }

    第二种情况示例:

    import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.stream.Collectors;
    import lombok.Data;
     
    public class Test {
     
        private static List<User> userList = Lists.newArrayList();
     
        @Data
        public static class User {
            private String userCode;
            private String userName;
        }
     
        /**
        iVEFmrMCer * 初始化数据
         * (这里的userCode=10003的userName为空)
         */
        public static void initData() {
            User user1 = new User();
            user1.setUserCode("10001");
            user1.setUserName("张三");
     
            User user2 = new User();
            user2.setUserCode("10002");
            user2.setUserName("李四");
     
            User user3 = new User();
            user3.setUserCode("10003");
            user3.setUserName(null);
     
            userList.add(user1);
            userList.add(user2);
            userList.add(user3);
        }
     
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            initData();
            //反例
           // Map<String, String> userMap = userList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(User::getUserCode, User::getUserName));
     
            //正例 (如果对转换后的顺序有要求,这里还可以使用LinkedHashMap)
            Map<String, String> userMap = userList.stream().collect(HashMap::new, (map, user) -> map.put(user.getUserCode(), user.getUserName()), HashMap::putAll);
     
            System.out.println(userMap);
        }
     
    }

    Stream ToMap(Collectors.toMap) 实践

    Requirements

    List TO Map

    List Stream 转换 Map时向collect()方法中传递Collector对象,对象由Collectors.toMap()方法返回。

    如下实现List转换为Map

    List<GroupBrandCateBO> list = new ArrayList<>(
       Arrays.asList(
           new GroupBrandCateBO("v1", "g1", "b1"),
           new GroupBrandCateBO("v1", "g1", "b1"),
           new GroupBrandCateBO("v3", "g3", "b3")
       )
    );
    Map<String, String> map = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(item -> item.getVersion(), item -> item.getGroupCode(), (oldVal, currVal) -> oldVal, LinkedHashMap::new));
    System.out.println(map.getClass());
    Map<String, String> map0 = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(item -> item.getVersion(), item -> item.getGroupCode(), (oldVal, currVal) -> oldVal));
    System.out.println(map0.getClass());
    System.out.println(map0.toString());
    Map<String, String> map1 = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(GroupBra编程客栈ndCateBO::getVersion, GroupBrandCateBO::getGroupCode));
    System.out.println(map1.toString());

    Console

    class java.util.LinkedHashMap

    class java.util.HashMap

    {v1=g1, v3=g3}

    Exception in thread “main” java.lang.IllegalStateException: Duplicate key g1

    at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$throwingMerger$0(Collectors.java:133)

    问题分析

    toMap()函数重载:

    • 未指定合并函数mergeFunction情况下,传入throwingMerger()返回BinaryOperator对象,当出现key重复时,调用合并函数!
    • 未指定Supplier实例情况下,默认生成HashMap实例。
    public static <T, K, U>
    Collector<T, ?, Map<K,U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
        编程客栈            Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {
      return toMap(keyMapper, valueMapper, throwingMerger(), HashMap::new);
    }
    
    public static <T, K, U>
    Collector<T, ?, Map<K,U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                    Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper,
                    BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction) {
      return toMap(keyMapper, valueMapper, mergeFunction, HashMap::new);
    }
    
    public static <T, K, U, M extends Map<K, U>>
    Collector<T, ?, M> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                  Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper,
                  BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction,
                  Supplier<M> mapSupplier) {
      BiConsumer<M, T> accumulator
          = (map, element) -> map.merge(keyMapper.apply(element),
                         valueMapper.apply(element), mergeFunction);
      return new CollectorImpl<>(mapSupplier, accumulator, mapMerger(mergeFunction), CH_ID);
    }
    
    private static <T> BinaryOperator<T> throwingMerger() {
      return (u,v) -> { throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Duplicate key %s", u)); };
    }

    补充

    关于合并函数

    List<GroupBrandCateBO> list = new ArrayList<>(
       Arrays.asList(
           new GroupBrandCateBO("v1", "g1", "b1"),
           new GroupBrandCateBO("v1", "g2", "b2"),
           new GroupBrandCateBO("v1", "g2", "b2"),
           new GroupBrandCateBO("v3", "g3", "b3")
       )
    );
    Map<String, String> map00 = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(item -> item.getVersion(), item -> item.getGroupCode(), (oldVal, currVal) -> currVal));
    Map<String, String> map01 = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(item -> item.getVersion(), item -> item.getGroupCode(), (oldVal, currVal) -> oldVal javascript+ currValphp));
    System.out.println(map00.toString());
    System.out.println(map01.toString());

    Console

    {v1=g2, v3=g3}

    {v1=g1g2g2, v3=g3}

    传入Lambda表达式将转化为BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction对象,合并处理value,非Key!!!

    比如:

    (oldVal, currVal) -> currVal) // key相同时当前值替换原始值
    (oldVal, currVal) -> oldVal + currVal //key相同时保留原始值和当前值

    总结

    以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持我们。

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