目录
- C# System.TypeInitializationException 异常处理
- C#基础--错误和异常
- 异常类
- 捕获异常
- 自定义异常
- 总结
C# System.TypeInitializationException 异常处理
备忘
问题在这
这种错误大多是声明的类里面初始字段赋值出了问题
比如 在类里面生命了一个 太大的数组,超出了最大内存限制就会出错
修改下就OK了
C#基础--错误和异常
异常类
在c#中,当出现某个特殊的异常错误条件时,就会创建(或抛出)一个异常对象。这个对象包含有助于跟踪问 题的信息。我们可以创建自己的异常类,但.NET提供了许多预定义的异常类,多到这里不可能 提供详尽的列表。
列举几个常见异常:
StackOverflowException
—如果分配给栈的内存区域己满,就会抛出这个异常。EndOfStreamException
—这个异常通常是因为读到文件末尾而抛出的。OverflowException
—如果要在checked上下文中把包含值-40的int类型数据强制转换为uint数据,就会抛出这个异常。
捕获异常
try
块包含的代码组成了程序的正常操作部分,但这部分程序可能遇到某些严重的错误。catch
块包含的代码处理各种错误情况,这些错误是执行try块中的代码时遇到的。这个块还可以用于记 录错误。finally
块包含的代码清理资源或执行通常要在try块或catch块末尾执行的其他操作。无论是否抛出异常,都会执行finally块,理解这一点非常重要。因为finally块包含了应总是执行的清理代码,如果 在finally块中放置了return语句,编译器就会标记一个错误。
下面的步骤说明了这些块是如何组合在一起捕获错误情况的:
(1) 执行的程序流进入try块。
(2) 如果在try块中没有错误发生,在块中就会正常执行操作。当程序流到达try块末尾后,如果存在一个finally块,程序流就会自动SA finally块(第(5)步)。但如果在try块中程序流检测到一个错误,程序流就会跳转 到catch块(第⑶步)。
(3) 在catch块中处理错误。
(4) 在catch块执行完后,如果存在一个finally块,程序流就会自动进入finally块:
(5) 执行finally块(如果存在)。
try { } catch (Exception ex) { } finally { }
异常性能
异常处理具有性能含义。在常见的情况下,不应该使用异常处理错误。例如,将字符串转换为数字时,可 以使用int类型的Paree方法。如果传递给此方法的字符串不能转换为数字,此方法抛FormatException异常;如果可以转换一个数字,但它不能放在int类型中,则抛出OverflowException异常:
static void NumberDemol(string n) { if (n is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(n)); try { int i = int.Parse(n); Console.WriteLine($"converted: {i}"); } catch (FormatException ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } catch (OverflowException ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } }
如果NumberDemol方法通常只用于在字符串中传递数字而接收不到数字是异常的,那么可以这样编写它。 但是,如果在程序流的正常情况下,期望的字符串不能转换时,可以使用TryParse方法。如果字符串不能转换 为数字,此方法不会抛出异常。相反,如果解析成功,TryParse返回true;如果解析失败,则返回felse:
static void NumberDemo2(string n) { if (n is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(n)); if (int.TryParse(n, out int result)) { Console. WriteLine ($"converted {result}"); } else { Console.WriteLine("not a number"); } }
实现多个catch块
class Program { static void Main() { while (true) { try { string userInput; Console.Write("Input a number between 0 and 5 or just hwww.devze.comit return to exit)> "); userInput = Console.ReadLine(); if (string.IsNullOrE编程客栈mpty(userInput)) { break; } int index = Convert.ToInt32(userInput); if (index < 0 || index > 5) { throw new IndexOutOfRangeException($"You typed in {userInput}"); } Console.WriteLine($"Your number was {index}"); } catch (IndexOutOfRangeException ex) { Console.WriteLine($"Exception: Number should be between 0 and 5. {ex.Message}"); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine($"An exception was thrown. Message was: {ex.Message}"); } finally { Console.WriteLine("Thank you\n"); } } } }
异常过滤器
自从C# 6开始就支持异常过滤器。catck块仅在过滤器返回true时执行。捕获不同的异常类型时,可以有行为不同的catch块。在某些情况下,catch块基于异常的内容执行不同的操作。
class Program { static void Main() { try { ThrowWithErrorCode(405); } catch (MyCustomException ex) when (ex.ErrorCode == 405) { Console.WriteLine($"Exception caught with filter {ex.Message} and {ex.ErrorCode}"); } catch (MyCustomException ex) { Console.WriteLine($"Exception caught {ex.Message} and {ex.ErrorCode}"); } Console.ReadLine(); } public static void ThrowWithErrorCode(int code) { throw new MyCustomException("Error in Foo") { ErrorCode = code }; } }
自定义异常
这个示例称为SolicitColdCall,它包 含两个嵌套的try块,说明了如何定义自定义异常类,再从try块中抛出另一个异常。
public class ColdCallFileFormatException : Exception { public ColdCallFileFormatException(string message) : base(message) { } public ColdCallFileFormatException(string message, Exception innerException) : base(message, innerException) { } } public class SalesSpyFoundException : Exception { public SalesSpyFoundException(string spyName) : base($"Sales spy found, with name {spyName}") { } public SalesSpyFoundExce开发者_JAVAption(string spyName, Exception innerException) : base($"Sales spy found with name {spyName}", innerException) { } } public class UnexpectedException : Exception { public UnexpectedException(string message) : base(message) { } public UnexpectedException(string message, Exception innerException) : base(message, innerException) { } } public class ColdCallFileReader : IDisposable { private FileStream _fs; javascript private StreamReader _sr; private uint _nPeopleToRing; private bool _isDisposed = false; private bool _isOpen = false; public void Open(string fileName) { if (_isDisposed) { throw new ObjectDisposedException("peopleToRing"); } _fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open); _sr = new StreamReader(_fs); try { string firstLine = _sr.ReadLine(); _nPeopleToRing = uint.Parse(firstLine); _isOpen = true; } catch (FormatException ex) { throw new ColdCallFileFormatException( $"First line isn\'t an integer {ex}"); } } public void ProcessNextPerson() { if (_isDisposed) { throw new ObjectDisposedException("peopleToRing"); } if (!_isOpen) { throw new UnexpectedException( "Attempted to Access coldcall file that is not open"); } try { string name = _sr.ReadLine(); if (name == null) { throw new ColdCallFileFormatException("Not enough names"); } if (name[0] == 'B') { throw new SalesSpyFoundException(name); } Console.WriteLine(name); } catch (SalesSpyFoundException ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } finally { } 编程客栈 } public uint NPeopleToRing { get { if (_isDisposed) { throw new ObjectDisposedException("peopleToRing"); } if (!_isOpen) { throw new UnexpectedException( "Attempted to access cold–call file that is not open"); } return _nPeopleToRing; } } public void Dispose() { if (_isDisposed) { return; } _isDisposed = true; _isOpen = false; _fs?.Dispose(); _fs = null; } } class Program { static void Main() { Console.Write("Please type in the name of the file " + "containing the names of the people to be cold called > "); string fileName = Console.ReadLine(); ColdCallFileReaderLoop1(fileName); Console.WriteLine(); ColdCallFileReaderLoop2(fileName); Console.WriteLine(); Console.ReadLine(); } private static void ColdCallFileReaderLoop2(string fileName) { using (var peopleToRing = new ColdCallFileReader()) { try { peopleToRing.Open(fileName); for (int i = 0; i < peopleToRing.NPeopleToRing; i++) { peopleToRing.ProcessNextPerson(); } Console.WriteLine("All callers processed correctly"); } catch (FileNotFoundException) { Console.WriteLine($"The file {fileName} does not exist"); } catch (ColdCallFileFormatException ex) { Console.WriteLine($"The file {fileName} appears to have been corrupted"); Console.WriteLine($"Details of problem are: {ex.Message}"); if (ex.InnerException != null) { Console.WriteLine($"Inner exception was: {ex.InnerException.Message}"); } } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine($"Exception occurred:\n{ex.Message}"); } } } public static void ColdCallFileReaderLoop1(string fileName) { var peopleToRing = new ColdCapythonllFileReader(); try { peopleToRing.Open(fileName); for (int i = 0; i < peopleToRing.NPeopleToRing; i++) { peopleToRing.ProcessNextPerson(); } Console.WriteLine("All callers processed correctly"); } catch (FileNotFoundException) { Console.WriteLine($"The file {fileName} does not exist"); } catch (ColdCallFileFormatException ex) { Console.WriteLine($"The file {fileName} appears to have been corrupted"); Console.WriteLine($"Details of problem are: {ex.Message}"); if (ex.InnerException != null) { Console.WriteLine($"Inner exception was: {ex.InnerException.Message}"); } } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine($"Exception occurred:\n{ex.Message}"); } finally { peopleToRing.Dispose(); } } }
总结
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持我们。
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