Pyqt5实战小案例之界面与逻辑分离的小计算器程序_开发_开发者

使用技术总结

使用Designer设计界面
使用pyuic5命令导出到python文件
新建逻辑处理文件，继承pyuic5导出的文件的类，在里面编写信号与槽的处理逻辑

使用Designer设计界面

要使用Designer，安装一个Python库即可：

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pyqt5 pyqt5-tools

我用的是python 3.9版本，发现3.10会报错，3.9没问题

Pyqt5实战小案例之界面与逻辑分离的小计算器程序

在此过程中，用到了如下组件：

QLabel、QlineEdit、QPushButton
先从小范围再到大范围，进行布局管理
按钮的上下方，加上弹簧

然后保存成ui文件

使用pyuic5将ui文件导出成python文件

Pyqt5实战小案例之界面与逻辑分离的小计算器程序

然后执行如下命令：

pyuic5 -o computer.py computer.ui

即可生成computer.py

为什么要用界面与逻辑分离

主要是用Designer设计的界面，肯定要多次调整的。如果每次调整后，生成新的py文件，就会把自己写的代码给覆盖了。

因此，最好是界面的ui生成的python代码，和自己的分离。

用继承机制就可以：

先看下pyuic5生成的代码文件（如下代码是自动生成的，不用多看）：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'computer.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again.  Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
 
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
 
class Ui_Form(object):
    def setupUi(self, Form):
        Form.setObjectName("Form")
        Form.resize(1006, 577)
        self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QvboxLayout(Form)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
        self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.horizontalLayout.addwidget(self.label)
        self.lineEdit_num01 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Form)
        self.lineEdit_num01.setObjectName("lineEdit_num01")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.lineEdit_num01)
        self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout)
        self.horizontalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_2")
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.label_2)
        self.lineEdit_num02 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Form)
        self.lineEdit_num02.setObjectName("lineEdit_num02")
        self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.lineEdit_num02)
        self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_2)
        spacerItem = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(20, 40, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        self.verticalLayout.addItem(spacerItem)
        self.horizontalLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout_3.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_3")
        self.pushButton_add = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton_add.setObjectName("pushButton_add")
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.pushButton_add)
        self.pushButton_minus = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton_minus.setObjectName("pushButton_minus")
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.pushButton_minus)
        self.pushButton_multi = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton_multi.setObjectName("pushButton_multi")
        self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.pushButton_multi)
        self.pushButton_divide = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton_divide.setObjectName("pushButton_divide")
编程客栈        self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.pushButton_divide)
        self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_3)
        spacerItem1 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(20, 40, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        self.verticalLayout.addItem(spacerItem1)
        self.label_result = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        font = QtGui.QFopythonnt()
        font.setPointSize(18)
        self.label_result.setFont(font)
        self.label_result.setStyleSheet("QLabel{\n"
"color:red;\n"
"}")
        self.label_result.setText("")
        self.label_result.setObjectName("label_result")
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.label_result)
 
        self.retranslateUi(Form)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)
 
    def retranslateUi(self, Form):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("Form", "请输入第一个数字："))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("Form", "请输入第二个数字："))
        self.pushButton_add.setText(_translate("Form", "+"))
        self.pushButton_minus.setText(_translate("Form", "-"))
        sel开发者_JAV培训f.pushButton_multi.setText(_translate("Form", "*"))
        self.pushButton_divide.setText(_translate("Form", "/"))

在里面有个类，叫做：Ui_Form

我们可以继承这个类，然后编写编写自己的逻辑即可

import sys
 
from computer import Ui_Form
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget
 
class MyUiComputer(Ui_Form):
    defjs __init__(self, window):
        super().__init__()
        self.setupUi(window)
        self.pushButton_add.clicked.connect(self.do_compute("+"))
        self.pushButton_minus.clicked.connect(self.do_compute("-"))
        self.pushButton_multi.clicked.connect(self.do_compute("*"))
        self.pushButton_divide.clicked.connect(self.do_compute("/"))
 
    def do_compute(self, method):
        def func():
            try:
                num01 = self.lineEdit_num01.text()
                num02 = self.lineEdit_num02.text()
                if method == "+":
                    self.label_result.setText("计算结果：" + str(int(num01) + int(num02)))
                elif method == "-":
                    self.label_result.setText("计算结果：" + str(int(num01) - int(num02)))
                elif method == "*":
                    self.label_result.setText("计算结果：" + str(int(num01) * int(num02)))
                elif method == "/":
                    self.label_result.setText("计算结果：" + str(int(num01) / int(num02)))
            except Exception as e:
                self.label_result.setText(f"error: {e}")
 
        return func
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
 
    window = QWidget()
 
    my_ui_computer = MyUiComputer(window)
    window.show()
 
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

这是我们自己的代码，有几点：

1、ZWrJYBxmaI需要自己初始化 QWidget 作为入口窗口然后调用pyuic5生成代码中的 self.setupUi(window) 设置主窗口；

2、这个代码主要是编写自己的信号与槽的链接

3、这个代码也有一个知识，connect的槽函数，是可以传参数的，技巧就是自己的函数返回一个函数见do_compute函数