go使用SQLX操作MySQL数据库的教程详解

目录

• 前言
• sqlx使用
• 1.下载sqlx包
• 2.引入驱动
• 3.连接数据库说明
• 4.连接数据库代操作
• 5.插入数据
• 6.查询数据
• 7.更新数据
• 8.删除数据
• 总结

前言

sqlx 是 Go 语言中一个流行的操作数据库的第三方包，它提供了对 Go 标准库 database/sql 的扩展，简化了操作数据库的步骤，并且拥有很大的数据库交互方法，本文使用mysql

sqlx使用

1.下载sqlx包

使用以下命令下载sqlx

 go get github.com/jmoiron/sqlx

2.引入驱动

_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"

3.连接数据库说明

其连接数据库使用

user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True

其中user为数据库用户，password为数据库密码

4.连接数据库代操作

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
)


var db *sqlx.DB

func main() {

	mysqlDb, err := sqlx.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("连接数据库异常:", err)
		return
	}
	db = mysqlDb
}

5.插入数据

创建数据库表位student

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user`  (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `mobile` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `password` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utjavascriptf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `sex` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `user_name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1690290594064429066 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

插入数据代码为:

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
)

var db *sqlx.DB

func main() {

	mysqlDb, e编程客栈rr := sqlx.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("连接数据库异常:", err)
		return
	}
	db = mysqlDb
	r, err1 := db.Exec("insert into user(mobile, password, sex, user_name)values(?, ?, ?, ?)", "aaa", "123456", 1, "aaa")
	if err1 != nil {
		fmt.Println("数据插入异常, ", err1)
		return
	}
	id, err2 := r.LastInsertId()
	if err2 != nil {
		fmt.Println("获取id异常:, ", err2)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println("id为:", id)
}

6.查询数据

package main

import (
	"database/sql"
	"fmt"
	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
)

type User struct {
	Id       int64          `db:"id"`
	Name     string         `db:"user_name"`
	Sex      int            `db:"sex"`
	Mobile   string         `db:"mobile"`
	Password sql.NullString `db:"password"`
}

var db *sqlx.DB

func main() {

	mysqlDb, err := sqlx.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("连接数据库异常:", err)
		return
	}
	db = mysqlDb
	var user []User
	err1 := db.Select(&user, "select id, user_name, sex, mobile, password from user where id=?", 1690290594064429065)
	if err1 != nil {
		fmt.Println("查询异常, ", err1)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println("查询数据为:", user)
}

之所以password使用类型sql.NullString，是因为如果列为null的话，会报错，所以其会返回

遍历false去判断

7.更新数据

package main

import (
	"database/sql"
	"fmt"
	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
)

type User struct {
	Id       int64          `db:"id"`
	Name     string         `db:"user_name"`
	Sex      int            `db:"sex"`
	Mobile   string         `db:"mobile"`
	Password sql.NullString `db:"password"`
}

var db *sqlx.DB

func main() {

	mysqlDb, err := sqlx.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True")
	if err 编程!= nil {
		fmt.Println("连接数据库异常:", err)
		return
	}
	db = mysqlDb
	res, err := db.Exec("update user set user_name=? where id=?", "hello11", 1690290594064429065)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printl编程n("更新失败:", err)
		return
	}
	row, err1 := res.RowsAffected()
	if err1 != nil {
		fmt.Println("获取失败, ", err1)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println("更新成功行数:", row)
}

8.删除数据

package main

import (
	"database/sql"
	"fmt"
	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
)

type User struct {
	Id       int64          `db:"id"`
	Name     string         `db:"user_name"`
	Sex      int            `db:"sex"`
	Mobile   string         `db:"mobile"`
	Password sql.NullString `db:"password"`
}

var db *sqlx.DB

func main() {

	mysqlDb, err := sqlx.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("连接数据库异常:", err)
		return
	}
	db = mysqlDb
	res, err := db.Exec("delete from user where id=?", 1690290594064429065)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("删除失败, ", err)
		return
	}

	row, err := res.RowsAffected()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("删除行数为:", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println("删除行数为: ", row)
}

总结

go有很多优秀的操作数据库组件，都能提高开发效率，至于在开发中怎么选择组件，看个人开发效率和习惯

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