mysql数据库恢复到指定时间点时,我们必须通过MySQL全备+MySQL增量备份(可选)+MySQL的二进制日志(binlog)进行重放来恢复到指定时间点,实际的生产环境中,可能一段时间内生成了多个二进制日志文件(binlog), MySQL本身不会存储二进制日志文件(binlog)的开始时间和结束时间,如果要还原到某个时间点,我们需要知道还原后重放哪些二进制日志文件。那么就必须获取二进制日志(binlog)的开始时间和结束时间。那么我们如何获取MySQL二进制日志文件(binlog)的开始时间和结束时间呢?下面简单总结几个方法,以供参考。
1:通过xtrabackup_info文件获取
Xtrabckup还原全备或增量备份时,会生成一个xtrabackup_info文件,如下所示:
$morextrabackup_info uuid=3bd8a0f7-ea2f-11ed-9896-00505697b437 name= tool_name=xtrabackup tool_command=--defaults-file=/data/conf/my.cnf--login-path=****--backup--target-dir=/db_backup/mysql_backup/db_backup/backup_cycle_2023_04_30/full_backup_2023_05_04_11_53_25 tool_version=8.0.31-24 ibbackup_version=8.0.31-24 server_version=8.0.31 start_time=2023-05-0411:53:26 end_time=2023-05-0411:53:30 lock_time=0 binlog_pos=filename'mysql_binlog.000042',position'289',GTIDofthelastchange'd01ecb4f-c944-11ed-9896-00505697b437:1-111:100 0108-1953894,d01edb91-c944-11ed-9896-00505697b437:1-5,f8ef839e-c942-11ed-9bd2-00505697b437:1-13' innodb_from_lsn=0 innodb_to_lsn=824007891 partial=N incremental=N format=file compressed=N encrypted=N
如上所示,你可以看到一行关于binlog_pos的信息:binlog文件名为mysql_binlog.000042,起始位置为289,我们应用MySQL二进制日志(binlog)可以从这个二进制日志开始:
mysqlbinlog--start-position="289"./mysql_binlog.000042>restore.sql
这个方法有局限性,只能被动获取我们需要重放LIihEmKy二进制日志的文件名和开始位置。这里仅供参考。
2:通过mysqlbinlog解析获取
如下所示,我们想知道mysql_binlog.000042什么时候开始生成,什么时候开始结束的,其实MySQL二进制日志里面包含有这样的信息,如下所示:
$mysqlbinlogmysql_binlog.000042|head-10 #Thepropertermispseudo_replica_mode,butweusethiscompatibilityalias #tomakethestatementusableonserverversions8.0.24andolder. /*!50530SET@@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!50003SET@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER/*!*/; #at4 #23050411:53:30serverid1end_log_pos126Start:binlogv4,serverv8.0.31created23050411:53:30 BINLOG' OixTZA8BAAAAegAAAH4AAAAAAAQAOC4wLjMxAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEwANAAgAAAAABAAEAAAAYgAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA
我们可以通过获取关键字Start: binlog获取这一行的信息,从而获取MySQL二进制日志(binlog)的开始时间,如下所示:
$mysqlbinlogmysql_binlog.000042|grep"Start:binlog" #23050411:53:30serverid1end_log_pos126Start:binlogv4,serverv8.0.31created23050411:53:30 $mysqlbinlogmysql_binlog.000042|grep"Start:binlog"|awk-F"serverid"'{print$1}' #23050411:53:30
如上所示,生成mysql_binlog.000042的时间点为230504 11:53:30,这里年份使用了缩写模式,即2023缩写为23,230504代表的是2023-05-04.
如果要获取二进制日志(binlog)的结束时间,这个还要看二进制日志是正常循环结束还是实例关闭结束,它们会对应不同的信息
STOP_EVENT
A STOP_EVENT has not payload or post-headerROTATE_EVENTThe rotate event is added to the binlog as last event to tell the reader what binlog to request next.
如下所示:
$mysqlbinlogmysql_binlog.000042|tail-10 #at533 #23050412:13:35serverid3end_log_pos560Xid=50948183 COMMIT/*!*/; #at560 #23050412:14:03serverid1end_log_pos606Rotatetomysql_binloLIihEmKyg.000043pos:4 SET@@SESSION.GTID_NEXT='AUTOMATIC'/*addedbymysqlbinlog*//*!*/; DELIMITER; #phpEndoflogfile /*!50003SETCOMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530SET@@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
$mysqlbinlogmysql_binlog.000042|grepRotate #23050412:14:03serverid1end_log_pos606Rotatetomysql_binlog.000043pos:4 $mysqlbinlogmysql_binlog.000042|grepRotate|awk-F"serverid"'{print$1}' #23050412:14:03开发者_Spark
如果MySQL关闭后,对应的MySQL二进制日志的格式如下所示:
$mysqlbinlogmysql_binlog.000045|tail-10 #at126 #23050417:02:23serverid10end_log_pos157CRC320x2d378ba5Previous-GTIDs #[empty] #at157 #23050417:08:11serverid10end_log_pos180CRC320xb6b08f2cStop SET@@SESSION.GTID_NEXT='AUTOMATICwww.devze.com'/*addedbymysqlbinlog*//*!*/; DELIMITER; #Endoflogfile /*!50003SETCOMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530SET@@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
$mysqlbinlogmysql_binlog.000045|grepStop|awk-F"serverid"'{print$1}'
方法3:stat命令查看创建时间
在linux平台,我们可以通过stat命令查看文件的创建时间,如下所示
$statmysql_binlog.000042 File:mysql_binlog.000042 Size:606blocks:8IOBlock:4096regularfile Device:fd08h/64776dInode:100663444Links:1 Access:(0640/-rw-r-----)Uid:(801/mysql)Gid:(800/mysql) Access:2023-05-0413:36:54.872910222+0800 Modify:2023-05-0412:14:18.712310369+0800 Change:2023-05-0412:14:18.712310369+0800 Birth:2023-05-0411:53:30.640989646+0800
如上所示,我们可以通过Birth字段信息,知道mysql_binlog.000042是2023-05-04 11:53:30创建的。但是我们没法获取二进制日志的结束时间,不过由于MySQL的二进制日志文件是有数字序列的,所以我们可以通过下一个二进制日志文件(binlog)的开始时间来判断上一个二进制日志文件(binlog)的结束时间。
$statmysql_binlog.000043 File:mysql_binlog.000043 Size:335Blocks:8IOBlock:4096regularfile Device:fd08h/64776dInode:100663430Links:1 Access:(0640/-rw-r-----)Uid:(801/mysql)Gid:(800/mysql) Access:2023-05-0413:36:58.524978710+0800 Modify:2023-05-0416:55:07.161545830+0800 Change:2023-05-0416:55:07.161545830+0800 Birth:2023-05-0412:14:18.713310387+0800
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