一、函数
函数分为(1)系统函数,(2)自定义函数。
其中自定义函数又可以分为(1)标量值函数(返回单个值),(2)表值函数(返回查询结果)
本文主要介绍自定义函数的使用。开发者_Kafka
(1)编写一个函数求该银行的金额总和
create function GetSumCardMoney() returns money as begin declare @AllMOney money select @AllMOney = (select SUM(CardMoney) from BankCard) return @AllMOney end
函数调用
select dbo.GetSumCardMoney()
上述函数没有参数,下面介绍有参数的函数的定义及使用
(2)传入账户编号,返回账户真实姓名
create function GetNameById(@AccountId int) returns varchar(20) as begin declare @RealName varchar(20) select @RealName = (select RealName from AccountInfo where AccountId = @AccountId) return @RealName end
函数调用
print dbo.GetNameById(2)
(3)传递开始时间和结束时间,返回交易记录(存钱取钱),交易记录中包含 真实姓名,卡号,存钱金额,取钱金额,交易时间。
方案一(逻辑复杂,函数内容除了返回结果的sql语句还有其他内容,例如定义变量等):
create function GetExchangeByTime(@StartTime varchar(30),@EndTime varchar(30)) returns @ExchangeTable table ( RealName varchar(30), --真实姓名 CardNo varchar(30), --卡号 MoneyInBank money, --存钱金额 MoneyOutBank money, --取钱金额 ExchangeTime smalldatetime --交易时间 ) as begin insert into @ExchangeTable select AccountInfo.RealName,CardExchange.CardNo,CardExchange.MoneyInBank, CardExchange.MoneyOutBank,CardExchange.ExchangeTime from CardExchange left join BankCard on CardExchange.CardNo = BankCard.CardNo left join AccountInfo on BankCard.AccountId = AccountInfo.AccountId where CardExchange.ExchangeTime between @StartTime+' 00:00:00' and @EndTime+' 23:59:59' return end
函数调用
select * from GetExchangeByTime('2018-6-1','2018-7-1')
方案二(逻辑简单,函数内容直接是一条sql查询语句):
create function GetExchangeByTime(@StartTime varchar(30),@EndTime varchar(30)) returns table as return select AccountInfo.RealName,CardExchange.CardNo,CardExchange.MoneyInBank, CardExchange.MoneyOutBank,CardExchange.ExchangeTime from CardExchange left join BankCard on CardExchange.CardNo = BankCard.CardNo left join AccountInfo on BankCard.AccountId = AccountInfo.AccountId where CardExchange.ExchangeTime between @StartTime+' 00:00:00' and @EndTime+' 23:59:59' go
函数调用:
select * from GetExchangeByTime('2018-6-19','2018-6-19')
(4)查询银行卡信息,将银行卡状态1,2,3,4分别转换为汉字“正常,挂失,冻结,注销”,根据银行卡余额显示银行卡等级 30万以下为“普通用户”,30万及以上为"VIP用户",分别显示卡号,身份证,姓名,余额,用户等级,银行卡状态。
方案一:直接在sql语句中使用case when
select * from AccountInfo select * from BankCard select CardNo 卡号,AccountCode 身份证,RealName 姓名,CardMoney 余额, case when CardMoney < 300000 then '普通用户' else 'VIP用户' end 用户等级, case when CardState = 1 then '正常' when CardState = 2 then '挂失' when CardState = 3 then '冻结' when CardState = 4 then '注销' else '异常' end 卡状态 from BankCard inner join AccountInfo on BankCard.AccountId = AccountInfo.AccountId
方案二:将等级和状态用函数实现
create function GetGradeByMoney(@myMoney int) returns varchar(10) as begin declare @result varchar(10) if @myMoney < 3000 set @result = '普通用户' else set @result = 'VIP用户' return @result end go create function GetStatusByNumber(@myNum int) returns varchar(10) as begin declare @result varchar(10) if @myNum = 1 set @result = '正常' else if @myNum = 2 set @result = '挂失' else if @myNum = 3 set @result = '冻结' else if @myNum = 4 set @result = '注销' else set @result = '异常' return @result end go
函数调用实现查询功能
select CardNo 卡号,AccountCode 身份证,RealName 姓名,CardMoney 余额, dbo.GetGradeByMoney(CardMoney) 账户等级,dbo.GetStatusByNumber(CardState) 卡状态 from BankCard inner join AccountInfo on BankCard.AccountId = AccountInfo.AccountId
(5)编写函数,根据出生日期求年龄,年龄求实岁,例如:
生日为2000-5-5,当前为2018-5-4,年龄为17岁
生日为2000-5-5,当前为2018-5-6,年龄为18岁测试数据如下:
create table Emp ( EmpId int primary key identity(1,2), --自动编号 empName varchar(20), --姓名 empSex varchar(4), --性别 empBirth smalldatetime --生日 ) insert into Emp(empName,empSex,empBirth) values('刘备','男','2008-5-8') insert into Emp(empName,empSex,empBirth) values('关羽','男','1998-10-10') insert into Emp(empName,empSex,empBirth) values('张飞','男','1999-7-5') insert into Emp(empName,empSex,empBirth) values('赵云','男','2003-12-12') insert into Emp(empName,empSex,empBirth) values('马超','男','2003-1-5') insert into Emp(empName,empSex,empBirth) values('黄忠','男','1988-8-4') insert into Emp(empName,empSex,empBirth) values('魏延','男','1998-5-2') insert into Emp(empName,empSex,empBirth) values('简雍','男','1992-2-20') insert into Emp(empName,empSex,empBirth) values('诸葛亮','男','1993-3-1') insert into Emp(empName,empSex,empBirth) values('徐庶','男','1994-8-5')
函数定义:
create function GetAgeByBirth(@birth smalldatetime) returns int as begin declare @age int set @age = year(getdate()) - year(@birth) if month(getdate()) < month(@birth) set @age = @age - 1 if month(getdate()) = month(@birth) and day(getdate()) < day(@birth) set @age = @age -1 return @age end
函数调用实现查询
select *,dbo.GetAgeByBirth(empBirth) 年龄 from Emp
二、触发器
触发器分类:(1) “Instead of”触发器(2)“After”触发器
“Instead of”触发器:在执行操作之前被执行“After”触发器:在执行操作之后被执行触发器中后面的案例中需要用到的表及测试数据如下:
--部门 create table Department ( DepartmentId varchar(10) primary key , --主键,sSjGkH自动增长 DepartmentName nvarchar(50), --部门名称 ) --人员信息 create table People ( PeopleId int primary key identity(1,1), --主键,自动增长 DepartmentId varchar(10), --部门编号,外键,与部门表关联 PeopleName nvarchar(20), --人员姓名 PeopleSex nvarchar(2), --人员性别 PeoplePhone nvarchar(20), --电话,联系方式 ) insert into Department(DepartmentId,DepartmentName) values('001','总经办') insert into Department(DepartmentId,DepartmentName) values('002','市场部') insert into Department(DepartmentId,DepartmentName) values('003','人事部') insert into Department(DepartmentId,DepartmentName) values('004','财务部') insert into Department(DepartmentId,DepartmentName) values('005','软件部') insert into People(DepartmentId,PeopleName,PeopleSex,PeoplePhone) values('001','刘备','男','13558785478') insert into People(DepartmentId,PeopleName,PeopleSex,PeoplePhone) values('001','关羽','男','13558788785') insert into People(DepartmentId,PeopleName,PeopleSex,PeoplePwww.devze.comhone) values('002','张飞','男','13698547125')
(1)假设有部门表和员工表,在添加员工的时候,该员工的部门编号如果在部门表中找不到,则自动添加部门信息,部门名称为"新部门"。
编写触发器:
create trigger tri_InsertPeople on People after insert as if not exists(selec编程客栈t * from Department where DepartmentId = (select DepartmentId from inserted)) insert into Department(DepartmentId,DepartmentName) values((select DepartmentId from inserted),'新部门') go
测试触发器:
insert People(DepartmentId,PeopleName,PeopleSex,PeoplePhone) values('009','赵云','男','13854587456')
我们会发现,当插入赵云这个员工的时候会自动向部门表中添加数据。
(2)触发器实现,删除一个部门的时候将部门下所有员工全部删除。
编写触发器:
create trigger tri_DeleteDept on Department after delete as delete from People where People.DepartmentId = (select DepartmentId from deleted) go
测试触发器:
delete Department where DepartmentId = '001'
我们会发现当我们删除此部门的时候,同时会删除该部门下的所有员工
(3)创建一个触发器,删除一个部门的时候判断该部门下是否有员工,有则不删除,没有则删除。
编写触发器:
drop trigger tri_DeleteDept --删除掉之前的触发器,因为当前触发器也叫这个名字 create trigger tri_DeleteDept on Department Instead of delete as if not exists(select * from People where DepartmentId = (select DepartmentId from deleted)) begin delete from Department where DepartmentId = (select DepartmentId from deleted) end go
测试触发器:
delete Department where DepartmentId = '001' delete Department where DepartmentId = '002' delete Department where DepartmentId = '003'
我们会发现,当部门下没有员工的部门信息可以成功删除,而部门下有员工的部门并没有被删除。
(4)修改一个部门编号之后,将该部门下所有员工的部门编号同步进行修改
编写触发器:
create trigger tri_UpdateDept on Department after update as update People set DepartmentId = (select DepartmentId from inserted) where DepartmentId = (select DepartmentId from deleted) go
测试触发器:
update Department set DepartmentId = 'zjb001' where DepartmentId='001'
我们会发现不但部门信息表中的部门编号进行了修改,员工信息表中部门编号为001的信息也被一起修改了。
三、存储过程
存储过程(Procedure)是SQL语句和流程控制语句的预编译集合。
(1)没有输入参数,没有输出参数的存储过程。
定义存储过程实现查询出账户余额最低的银行卡账户信息,显示银行卡号,姓名,账户余额
--方案一 create proc proc_MinMoneyCard as select top 1 CardNo 银行卡号,RealName 姓名,CardMoney 余额 from BankCard inner join AccountInfo on BankCard.AccountId = AccountInfo.AccountId order by CardMoney asc go --方案二:(余额最低,有多个人则显示结果是多个) create proc proc_MinMoneyCard as select CardNo 银行卡号,RealName 姓名,CardMoney 余额 from BankCard inner join AccountInfo on BankCard.AccountId = AccountInfo.AccountId where CardMoney=(select MIN(CardMoney) from BankCard) go
执行存储过程:
exec proc_MinMoneyCard
(2)有输入参数,没有输出参数的存储过程
模拟银行卡存钱操作,传入银行卡号,存钱金额,实现存钱操作
create proc proc_CunQian @CardNo varchar(30), @MoneyInBank money as update BankCard set CardMoney = CardMoney + @MoneyInBank where CardNo = @CardNo insert into CardExchange(CardNo,MoneyInBank,MoneyOutBank,ExchangeTime) values(@CardNo,@MoneyInBank,0,GETDATE()) --go
执行存储过程:
exec proc_CunQian '6225125478544587',3000
(3)有输入参数,没有输出参数,但是有返回值的存储过程(返回值必须整数)。http://www.devze.com
模拟银行卡取钱操作,传入银行卡号,取钱金额,实现取钱操作,取钱成功,返回1,取钱失败返回-1
create proc proc_QuQian @CardNo varchar(30), @MoneyOutBank money as update BankCard set CardMoney = CardMoney - @MoneyOutBank where CardNo = @CardNo if @@ERROR <> 0 return -1 insert into CardExchange(CardNo,MoneyInBank,MoneyOutBank,ExchangeTime) values(@CardNo,0,@MoneyOutBank,GETDATE()) 编程客栈 return 1 go
执行存储过程:
declare @returnValue int exec @returnValue = proc_QuQian '662018092100000002',1000000 print @returnValue
(4)有输入参数,有输出参数的存储过程
查询出某时间段的银行存取款信息以及存款总金额,取款总金额,传入开始时间,结束时间,显示存取款交易信息的同时,返回存款总金额,取款总金额。
create proc proc_SelectExchange @startTime varchar(20), --开始时间 @endTime varchar(20), --结束时间 @SumIn money output, --存款总金额 @SumOut money output --取款总金额 as select @SumIn = (select SUM(MoneyInBank) from CardExchange where ExchangeTime between @startTime+' 00:00:00' and @endTime+' 23:59:59') select @SumOut = (select SUM(MoneyOutBank) from CardExchange where ExchangeTime between @startTime+' 00:00:00' and @endTime+' 23:59:59') select * from CardExchange where ExchangeTime between @startTime+' 00:00:00' and @endTime+' 23:59:59' go
执行存储过程:
declare @SumIn money --存款总金额 declare @SumOut money --取款总金额 exec proc_SelectExchange '2018-1-1','2018-12-31',@SumIn output,@SumOut output select @SumIn select @SumOut
(5)具有同时输入输出参数的存储过程
密码升级,传入用户名和密码,如果用户名密码正确,并且密码长度<8,自动升级成8位密码
--有输入输出参数(密码作为输入参数也作为输出参数) --密码升级,传入用户名和密码,如果用户名密码正确,并且密码长度<8,自动升级成8位密码 select FLOOR(RAND()*10) --0-9之间随机数 create proc procPwdUpgrade @cardno nvarchar(20), @pwd nvarchar(20) output as if not exists(select * from BankCard where CardNo=@cardno and CardPwd=@pwd) set @pwd = '' else begin if len(@pwd) < 8 begin declare @len int = 8- len(@pwd) declare @i int = 1 while @i <= @len begin set @pwd = @pwd + cast(FLOOR(RAND()*10) as varchar(1)) set @i = @i+1 end update BankCard set CardPwd = @pwd where CardNo=@cardno end end go declare @pwd nvarchar(20) = '123456' exec procPwdUpgrade '6225547854125656',@pwd output select @pwd
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