How do I make my Perl scripts act like normal programs on Windows?_问答_开发者

I want my Perl scripts to behave just like any other executable (*.exe file).

When I double-click on myscript.pl I want it to execute instead of opening in a text editor.
I want to run myscript.pl instead of perl myscript.pl.
I really want to run myscript instead of myscript.pl.
I want to run program | myscript instead of program | perl myscript.pl.
I want to be able to run my script via drag & drop.

There are a number of changes you have to make on Windows to make all of these things work. Users typically stumble upon things that don't work one at a time; leaving them confused whether they've made an error, there's a bug in Perl, there's a bug in Windows, or the behavior they want just isn't possible. This question is intended to provide a single point of reference for making everything work up f开发者_JAVA技巧ront; ideally before these problems even occur.

Associate *.pl files with perl

Run the following commands at a shell prompt:

assoc .pl=PerlScript
ftype PerlScript=C:\bin\perl.exe "%1" %*

Replace C:\Perl\bin\perl.exe with the path to your Perl installation. This enables you to run myscript.pl instead of perl myscript.pl.

Default install locations are:

ActivePerl: C:\Perl
Strawberry Perl: C:\Strawberry

Add `.PL` to your PATHEXT environment variable.

This makes Windows consider *.pl files to be executable when searching your PATH. It enables you to run myscript instead of myscript.pl.

You can set it for the current cmd session

set PATHEXT=%PATHEXT%;.PL

To set it permanently (under Windows Vista or Windows 7)

setx PATHEXT %PATHEXT%;.PL

Under Windows XP you have to use the GUI:

Right-click My Computer, and then click Properties.
Click the Advanced tab.
Click Environment variables.
Select PATHEXT, then click Edit.
Append ;.PL to the current value.

Make I/O redirection work

I/O redirection (e.g. program | myscript) doesn't work for programs started via a file association. There is a registry patch to correct the problem.

Start Registry Editor.
Locate and then click the following key in the registry: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer
On the Edit menu, click Add Value, and then add the following registry value:
- Value name: InheritConsoleHandles
- Data type: REG_DWORD
- Radix: Decimal
- Value data: 1
Quit Registry Editor.

Warning: In principle, this should only be necessary on Windows XP. In my experience it's also necessary in Windows 7. In Windows 10 this is actively harmful—programs execute but produce nothing on stdout/stderr. The registry key needs to be set to 0 instead of 1.

Add a drop handler

Adding a drop handler for Perl allows you to run a Perl script via drag & drop; e.g. dragging a file over the file icon in Windows Explorer and dropping it there. Run the following script to add the necessary entries to the registry:

use Win32::TieRegistry;
$Registry->Delimiter("/");
$perlKey = $Registry-> {"HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT/Perl/"};
$perlKey-> {"shellex/"} = {
    "DropHandler/" =>  {
        "/" => "{86C86720-42A0-1069-A2E8-08002B30309D}"
}};

Convert your perl scripts into batch files using pl2bat once they are ready to be run by users.

The trick works through the perl -x switch which, according to perldoc perlrun, makes Perl search for the first line looking like #!.*perl.

After following the instructions in the accepted answer, a double click still led to .pl files opening with Notepad in Windows 10 — even when perl.exe was set as the default file handler.

After finding Jack Wu's comment at ActivePerl. .pl files no longer execute but open in Notepad instead I was able to run perl scripts on double-click as such:

Select and right-click a .pl file
Use the "Open With" submenu to "Choose another app"
Select "Always use this app to open .pl files" (do this now – you won't get the chance after you have selected a program)
Scroll to the bottom of the "Other options" to find "More apps", and select "Look for another app on this PC"
Navigate to C:/path/to/perl/bin/ and select Perl5.16.3.exe (or the equivalent, depending on which version of Perl you have installed: but not Perl.exe)

Then the Perl icon appears next to .pl files and a double-click leads to them opening in Perl every time, as desired.

I tried the assoc and ftype methods and they didn't work for me.

What worked was editing this registry key:

Computer\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\Applications\perl.exe\shell\open\command

It was set to: "C:\Perl64\bin\perl.exe" "%1"

When it should be: "C:\Perl64\bin\perl.exe" "%1" %*

It is the same content as the ftype, but for arcane windows reasons, I had to set it there too.

Like some others, I had set 'assoc' and 'ftype', but also had set Notepad text editor via the GUI, and when I tried to execute a script via the command line, Windows invoked Notepad to edit the script instead of running my script.

Using the GUI to instead point the .pl file association to the script-running executable was not much of an improvement, since it would invoke the executable on my script, but would pass no command-line arguments (even when I invoked my script from the command line).

I finally found salvation here which advised me to delete some registry keys.

Key quote: "The problem is that if you have already associated the program with the extension via the Open With dialog then you will have created an application association, instead of a file extension association, between the two. And application associations take precedence."

In my case, following the instructions to use RegEdit to delete

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT \ Applications \ perl.exe

where perl.exe is the name of my Perl executable, and then also deleting:

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT \ .pl

seemed to solve my problem, and then (after re-executing 'assoc' and 'ftype' commands as shown in other answers) I could then execute scripts from cmd.exe and have them run with access to their command-line parameters.

Some other related information here.