What is the purpose of having both NSMutableString and NSString?

Why does Objective C provide both class NSString and subclass NSMutableString rather than just provide NSMutableString? Isn't a NSString equivalent to "const NSMutableString"?

In C++, you have only one string class, std::string, and if you want a constant you declare a const std:string.

I'm interested in knowing why I shouldn't 开发者_StackOverflow社区just use NSMutableString everywhere and never bother with NSString? There must be a reason, or the language designers wouldn't provide both. maybe it takes up less storage or something?

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It is very possible, and even likely, that there are optimizations in place that are only allowed when strings are immutable.

In fact running

NSString *A = @"Bob";
NSString *B = @"Bob";

in the debugger immediately shows that they are both pointers to the same string. In fact

NSString *C = [NSString stringWithString:@"Bob"];
NSString *D = [A copy];

both point to the same memory address as well. Meanwhile

NSString *E = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"Bob"];

points to a different string.

So yes, using NSStrings are more efficient in some cases. And in general cocoa lends itself to returning a new copy of a string rather than an edited one. However, I can't really argue that you shouldn't use a mutable string everywhere, but it does seem to go against the general guidelines for the framework.

In my own work I tend to only use mutable variants where I need to edit things directly. It's just a little backwards from the C/C++ style of everything mutable unless you need a const, everything is const unless you need mutability.

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The reason for both classes is the same reason that you sometimes use a std::string and sometimes use a const std::string. However, unlike C++, Objective-C doesn't have const methods, so they instead separate const- from non-const- methods into two different classes. This is also seen in many of the core classes, such as NSArray (NSMutableArray), NSDictionary (NSMutableDictionary), etc.

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I would say the general rule is "don't use a class whose purpose is to provide functionality you don't need". If you need to change the contents of a string directly, use NSMutableString. If not, use NSString. In terms of size and how much heap space they take up, the classes themselves should be pretty similar.

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I think the usage of an immutable string is a hint for the compiler which can perform optimizations by knowning it won't change.