Unobtrusive dynamic form fields in Rails with jQuery_问答_开发者

I'm attempting to get over the hurdle of dynamic form fields in Rails -- this appears to be something the framework doesn't handle very gracefully. I'm also using jQuery in my project. I have jRails installed, but I'd much rather write the AJAX code unobtrusively where possible.

My forms are fairly complex, two or three levels of nesting are not unusual. The problem I'm having is generating the correct form ids, since they are so dependant on the form builder context. I need to be able to dynamically add new fields or delete existing records in a has_many relationship, and I am completely at a loss.

Every example I've seen so far has been ugly in one way or another开发者_运维知识库. Ryan Bates' tutorial requires RJS, which results in some pretty ugly obtrusive javascript in the markup, and seems to have been written before nested attributes. I've seen a fork of that example with unobtrusive jQuery, but I just don't understand what it's doing, and haven't been able to get it working in my project.

Can somebody provide a simple example of how this is done? Is this even possible while respecting the RESTful convention of the controllers?

Andy has posted an excellent example of deleting an existing record, can anybody provide an example of creating new fields with the correct attributes? I haven't been able to figure out how to do this with nested forms.

Since nobody has offered an answer to this, even after a bounty, I've finally managed to get this working myself. This wasn't supposed to be a stumper! Hopefully this will be easier to do in Rails 3.0.

Andy's example is a good way of deleting records directly, without submitting a form to the server. In this particular case, what I'm really looking for is a way to dynamically add/remove fields before doing an update to a nested form. This is a slightly different case, because as the fields are removed, they aren't actually deleted until the form is submitted. I will probably end up using both depending on the situation.

I've based my implementation on Tim Riley's complex-forms-examples fork on github.

First set up the models, and make sure they support nested attributes:

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :phone_numbers, :dependent => :destroy
  accepts_nested_attributes_for :phone_numbers, :reject_if => lambda { |p| p.values.all?(&:blank?) }, :allow_destroy => true
end

class PhoneNumber < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :person
end

Create a partial view for the PhoneNumber's form fields:

<div class="fields">
  <%= f.text_field :description %>
  <%= f.text_field :number %>
</div>

Next write a basic edit view for the Person model:

<% form_for @person, :builder => LabeledFormBuilder do |f| -%>
  <%= f.text_field :name %>
  <%= f.text_field :email %>
  <% f.fields_for :phone_numbers do |ph| -%>
    <%= render :partial => 'phone_number', :locals => { :f => ph } %>
  <% end -%>
  <%= f.submit "Save" %>
<% end -%>

This will work by creating a set of template fields for the PhoneNumber model that we can duplicate with javascript. We'll create helper methods in app/helpers/application_helper.rb for this:

def new_child_fields_template(form_builder, association, options = {})
  options[:object] ||= form_builder.object.class.reflect_on_association(association).klass.new
  options[:partial] ||= association.to_s.singularize
  options[:form_builder_local] ||= :f

  content_tag(:div, :id => "#{association}_fields_template", :style => "display: none") do
    form_builder.fields_for(association, options[:object], :child_index => "new_#{association}") do |f|
      render(:partial => options[:partial], :locals => { options[:form_builder_local] => f })
    end
  end
end

def add_child_link(name, association)
  link_to(name, "javascript:void(0)", :class => "add_child", :"data-association" => association)
end

def remove_child_link(name, f)
  f.hidden_field(:_destroy) + link_to(name, "javascript:void(0)", :class => "remove_child")
end

Now add these helper methods to the edit partial:

<% form_for @person, :builder => LabeledFormBuilder do |f| -%>
  <%= f.text_field :name %>
  <%= f.text_field :email %>
  <% f.fields_for :phone_numbers do |ph| -%>
    <%= render :partial => 'phone_number', :locals => { :f => ph } %>
  <% end -%>
  <p><%= add_child_link "New Phone Number", :phone_numbers %></p>
  <%= new_child_fields_template f, :phone_numbers %>
  <%= f.submit "Save" %>
<% end -%>

You now have the js templating done. It will submit a blank template for each association, but the :reject_if clause in the model will discard them, leaving only the user-created fields. Update: I've rethought this design, see below.

This isn't truly AJAX, since there isn't any communication going on to the server beyond the page load and form submit, but I honestly could not find a way to do it after the fact.

In fact this may provide a better user experience than AJAX, since you don't have to wait for a server response for each additional field until you're done.

Finally we need to wire this up with javascript. Add the following to your `public/javascripts/application.js' file:

$(function() {
  $('form a.add_child').click(function() {
    var association = $(this).attr('data-association');
    var template = $('#' + association + '_fields_template').html();
    var regexp = new RegExp('new_' + association, 'g');
    var new_id = new Date().getTime();

    $(this).parent().before(template.replace(regexp, new_id));
    return false;
  });

  $('form a.remove_child').live('click', function() {
    var hidden_field = $(this).prev('input[type=hidden]')[0];
    if(hidden_field) {
      hidden_field.value = '1';
    }
    $(this).parents('.fields').hide();
    return false;
  });
});

By this time you should have a barebones dynamic form! The javascript here is really simple, and could easily be done with other frameworks. You could easily replace my application.js code with prototype + lowpro for instance. The basic idea is that you're not embedding gigantic javascript functions into your markup, and you don't have to write tedious phone_numbers=() functions in your models. Everything just works. Hooray!

After some further testing, I've concluded that the templates need to be moved out of the <form> fields. Keeping them there means they get sent back to the server with the rest of the form, and that just creates headaches later.

I've added this to the bottom of my layout:

<div id="jstemplates">
  <%= yield :jstemplates %>
</div

And modified the new_child_fields_template helper:

def new_child_fields_template(form_builder, association, options = {})
  options[:object] ||= form_builder.object.class.reflect_on_association(association).klass.new
  options[:partial] ||= association.to_s.singularize
  options[:form_builder_local] ||= :f

  content_for :jstemplates do
    content_tag(:div, :id => "#{association}_fields_template", :style => "display: none") do
      form_builder.fields_for(association, options[:object], :child_index => "new_#{association}") do |f|        
        render(:partial => options[:partial], :locals => { options[:form_builder_local] => f })        
      end
    end
  end
end

Now you can remove the :reject_if clauses from your models and stop worrying about the templates being sent back.

Based on your answer to my comment I think handling deletion unobtrusively is a good place to start. I'll use Product with scaffolding as an example, but the code will be generic so it should be easy to use in your application.

First add a new option to your route:

map.resources :products, :member => { :delete => :get }

And now add a delete view to your Product views:

<% title "Delete Product" %>

<% form_for @product, :html => { :method => :delete } do |f| %>
  <h2>Are you sure you want to delete this Product?</h2>
  <p>
    <%= submit_tag "Delete" %>
    or <%= link_to "cancel", products_path %>
  </p>
<% end %>

This view will only be seen by users with JavaScript disabled.

In the Products controller you'll need to add the delete action.

def delete
  Product.find(params[:id])
end

Now go to your index view and change the Destroy link to this:

<td><%= link_to "Delete", delete_product_path(product), :class => 'delete' %></td>

If you run the app at this point and view the list of products you'll be able to delete a product, but we can do better for JavaScript enabled users. The class added to the delete link will be used in our JavaScript.

This will be a rather large chunk of JavaScript, but it's important to focus on the code that deals with making the ajax call - the code in the ajaxSend handler and the 'a.delete' click handler.

(function() {
  var originalRemoveMethod = jQuery.fn.remove;
  jQuery.fn.remove = function() {
    if(this.hasClass("infomenu") || this.hasClass("pop")) {
      $(".selected").removeClass("selected");
    }
    originalRemoveMethod.apply(this, arguments);
  }
})();

function isPost(requestType) {
  return requestType.toLowerCase() == 'post';
}

$(document).ajaxSend(function(event, xhr, settings) {
  if (isPost(settings.type)) {
    settings.data = (settings.data ? settings.data + "&" : "") + "authenticity_token=" + encodeURIComponent( AUTH_TOKEN );
  }
  xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept", "text/javascript, application/javascript");     
});

function closePop(fn) {
  var arglength = arguments.length;
  if($(".pop").length == 0) { return false; }
  $(".pop").slideFadeToggle(function() { 
    if(arglength) { fn.call(); }
    $(this).remove();
  });    
  return true;
}

$('a.delete').live('click', function(event) {
  if(event.button != 0) { return true; }

  var link = $(this);
  link.addClass("selected").parent().append("<div class='pop delpop'><p>Are you sure?</p><p><input type='button' value='Yes' /> or <a href='#' class='close'>Cancel</a></div>");
  $(".delpop").slideFadeToggle();

  $(".delpop input").click(function() {
    $(".pop").slideFadeToggle(function() { 
    $.post(link.attr('href').substring(0, link.attr('href').indexOf('/delete')), { _method: "delete" },
      function(response) { 
        link.parents("tr").fadeOut(function() { 
          $(this).remove();
        });
      });
      $(this).remove();
    });    
  });

  return false;
});

$(".close").live('click', function() {
  return !closePop();
});

$.fn.slideFadeToggle = function(easing, callback) {
  return this.animate({opacity: 'toggle', height: 'toggle'}, "fast", easing, callback);
};

Here's the CSS you'll need too:

.pop {
  background-color:#FFFFFF;
  border:1px solid #999999;
  cursor:default;
  display: none;
  position:absolute;
  text-align:left;
  z-index:500;
  padding: 25px 25px 20px;
  margin: 0;
  -webkit-border-radius: 8px; 
  -moz-border-radius: 8px; 
}

a.selected {
  background-color:#1F75CC;
  color:white;
  z-index:100;
}

We need to send along the auth token when we make POST, PUT or DELETE. Add this line under your existing JS tag (probably in your layout):

<%= javascript_tag "var AUTH_TOKEN = #{form_authenticity_token.inspect};" if protect_against_forgery? -%>

Almost done. Open up your Application controller and add these filters:

before_filter :correct_safari_and_ie_accept_headers
after_filter :set_xhr_flash

And the corresponding methods:

protected
  def set_xhr_flash
    flash.discard if request.xhr?
  end

  def correct_safari_and_ie_accept_headers
    ajax_request_types = ['text/javascript', 'application/json', 'text/xml']
    request.accepts.sort!{ |x, y| ajax_request_types.include?(y.to_s) ? 1 : -1 } if request.xhr?
  end

We need to discard flash messages if it's an ajax call - otherwise you'll see flash messages from the "past" on your next regular http request. The second filter is also required for webkit and IE browsers - I add these 2 filters to all of my Rails projects.

All that's left is the destroy action:

def destroy
  @product.destroy
  flash[:notice] = "Successfully destroyed product."

  respond_to do |format|
    format.html { redirect_to redirect_to products_url }
    format.js  { render :nothing => true }
  end
end

And there you have it. Unobtrusive deleting with Rails. It seems like a lot of work all typed out, but it's really not that bad once you get going. You might be interested in this Railscast too.

By the way. rails has changed a bit so you can not longer use _delete, now use _destroy.

def remove_child_link(name, f)
  f.hidden_field(:_destroy) + link_to(name, "javascript:void(0)", :class => "remove_child")
end

Also I found it easier to just remove html that is for new records... so i do this

$(function() {
  $('form a.add_child').click(function() {
    var association = $(this).attr('data-association');
    var template = $('#' + association + '_fields_template').html();
    var regexp = new RegExp('new_' + association, 'g');
    var new_id = new Date().getTime();

    $(this).parent().before(template.replace(regexp, new_id));
    return false;
  });

  $('form a.remove_child').live('click', function() {
    var hidden_field = $(this).prev('input[type=hidden]')[0];
    if(hidden_field) {
      hidden_field.value = '1';
    }
    $(this).parents('.new_fields').remove();
    $(this).parents('.fields').hide();
    return false;
  });
});

FYI, Ryan Bates now a has a gem that works beautifully: nested_form

I created an unobtrusive jQuery plugin for dynamically adding fields_for objects for Rails 3. It is very easy to use, just download the js file. Almost no configuration. Just follow the conventions and you're good to go.

https://github.com/kbparagua/numerous.js

It is not super flexible but it will do the job.

I've successfully (and rather painlessly) used https://github.com/nathanvda/cocoon to dynamically generate my forms. Handles associations elegantly and the documentation is very straightforward. You can use it together with simple_form, too, which was particularly useful for me.