CPUID implementations in C++

I would like to know if somebody around here has some good examples of a C++ CPUID implementation that can be referenced from any of the managed .net languages.

Also, should this not be the case, should I be aware of certain implementation differences between X86 and X64?

I would like to use CPUID to get info on the machine my software is running on (crashreporting etc...) and I want to keep everything as widely compatible as possible.

Primary reason I ask is because I am a total noob when it comes to writing what will probably be all machine instructions though I have basic knowledge about CPU registers and so on...

Before people start telling me to Google: I found some examples online, but usually they were not meant to allow interaction from managed code and none of the examples were a开发者_Python百科imed at both X86 and X64. Most examples appeared to be X86 specific.

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Accessing raw CPUID information is actually very easy, here is a C++ class for that which works in Windows, Linux and OSX:

#ifndef CPUID_H
#define CPUID_H

#ifdef _WIN32
#include <limits.h>
#include <intrin.h>
typedef unsigned __int32  uint32_t;

#else
#include <stdint.h>
#endif

class CPUID {
  uint32_t regs[4];

public:
  explicit CPUID(unsigned i) {
#ifdef _WIN32
    __cpuid((int *)regs, (int)i);

#else
    asm volatile
      ("cpuid" : "=a" (regs[0]), "=b" (regs[1]), "=c" (regs[2]), "=d" (regs[3])
       : "a" (i), "c" (0));
    // ECX is set to zero for CPUID function 4
#endif
  }

  const uint32_t &EAX() const {return regs[0];}
  const uint32_t &EBX() const {return regs[1];}
  const uint32_t &ECX() const {return regs[2];}
  const uint32_t &EDX() const {return regs[3];}
};

#endif // CPUID_H

To use it just instantiate an instance of the class, load the CPUID instruction you are interested in and examine the registers. For example:

#include "CPUID.h"

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  CPUID cpuID(0); // Get CPU vendor

  string vendor;
  vendor += string((const char *)&cpuID.EBX(), 4);
  vendor += string((const char *)&cpuID.EDX(), 4);
  vendor += string((const char *)&cpuID.ECX(), 4);

  cout << "CPU vendor = " << vendor << endl;

  return 0;
}

This Wikipedia page tells you how to use CPUID: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUID

EDIT: Added #include <intrin.h> for Windows, per comments.

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See this MSDN article about __cpuid.

There is a comprehensive sample that compiles with Visual Studio 2005 or better. For Visual Studio 6, you can use this instead of the compiler instrinsic __cpuid:

void __cpuid(int CPUInfo[4], int InfoType)
{
 __asm 
  {
     mov    esi, CPUInfo
     mov    eax, InfoType
     xor    ecx, ecx  
     cpuid  
     mov    dword ptr [esi +  0], eax
     mov    dword ptr [esi +  4], ebx  
     mov    dword ptr [esi +  8], ecx  
     mov    dword ptr [esi + 12], edx  
  }
}

For Visual Studio 2005, you can use this instead of the compiler instrinsic __cpuidex:

void __cpuidex(int CPUInfo[4], int InfoType, int ECXValue)
{
 __asm 
  {
     mov    esi, CPUInfo
     mov    eax, InfoType
     mov    ecx, ECXValue
     cpuid  
     mov    dword ptr [esi +  0], eax
     mov    dword ptr [esi +  4], ebx  
     mov    dword ptr [esi +  8], ecx  
     mov    dword ptr [esi + 12], edx  
  }
}

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Might not be exactly what you are looking for, but Intel have a good article and sample code for enumerating Intel 64 bit platform architectures (processor, cache, etc.) which also seems to cover 32 bit x86 processors.