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Is there a static analysis tool like Lint or Perl::Critic for shell scripts?

开发者 https://www.devze.com 2023-01-15 13:01 出处:网络
Are there any shell (specifically bash or ksh) checkers that test shell scripts for style, best practices, naming conventions, etc?(Something like Lint for C, or Perl::Critic for Perl.)

Are there any shell (specifically bash or ksh) checkers that test shell scripts for style, best practices, naming conventions, etc? (Something like Lint for C, or Perl::Critic for Perl.)

I know with ksh you can do syntax checking by running ksh -n script.ksh but I was hoping for something more than j开发者_运维技巧ust sytax checking - something that parses/analyzes the actual code?

I'm probably out of luck, but I guess it doesn't hurt to ask.


I found shellcheck: it tests for common errors in quoting and other things you overlook ("because it works").


The Debian and Ubuntu projects use a script checkbashisms, that looks for particular patterns that might indicate that someone is relying on /bin/sh being bash.

Beyond that, most shells have a -n option to parse and report errors. You could check your script against several different shells to make sure it uses only portable syntax:

for shell in zsh ksh bash dash sh
do
  echo "Testing ${shell}"
  ${shell} -n my_script.sh
done

edit to add: Since writing this answer, shellcheck has been written, as suggested in a later answer. This does a much more thorough job of linting shell scripts than the previous suggestions.


I wrote shlint to wrap checkbashims and the other basic linting options available to shells presented in Brian's answer.

It's installable via rubygems (gem install shlint) as sort of a gag, really, but you only need perl (for checkbashims) and a POSIX compliant shell to interpret the shlint command itself. Should work out of the box on OSX and Ubuntu.

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