About associativity in 'C'

Ho开发者_JAVA技巧w can i decide or understand whether any statement or expression has left to right or right to left associativity?

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=, +=, etc, operators that have '=' in them, is right associated.

All others are left-associated.

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Here's a table of C++ operator precedence.

The operator precedence and associativity are the same in C and C++ (modulo operators that don't exist in the former).

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Read the standards

EDITED: I don't have the standards myself, but I've found this link supposed to be based on the standard.

Also, quoting Kernighan & Ritchie:

Arithmetic operators associate left to right.

Expressions connected by && or || are evaluated left to right, and evaluation stops as soon as the truth or falsehood of the result is known. Most C programs rely on these properties.

Operators Associativity

() [] -> . left to right

! ~ ++ -- + - * (type) sizeof right to left

* / % left to right

+ - left to right

<< >> left to right

< <= > >= left to right

== != left to right

& left to right

^ left to right

| left to right

&& left to right

|| left to right

?: right to left

= += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= right to left

, left to right

Unary & +, -, and * have higher precedence than the binary forms.