How do I find the nearest prime number?_问答_开发者

Is there any nice algorithm to find the nearest prime number to a given real number? I only need to search within the first 100 primes or so.

At present, I've a bunch of prime numbers stored in an ar开发者_JS百科ray and I'm checking the difference one number at a time (O(n)?).

Rather than a sorted list of primes, given the relatively small range targetted, have an array indexed by all the odd numbers in the range (you know there are no even primes except the special case of 2) and containing the closest prime. Finding the solution becomes O(1) time-wise.

I think the 100th prime is circa 541. an array of 270 [small] ints is all that is needed.

This approach is particularly valid, given the relative high density of primes (in particular relative to odd numbers), in the range below 1,000. (As this affects the size of a binary tree)

If you only need to search in the first 100 primes or so, just create a sorted table of those primes, and do a binary search. This will either get you to one prime number, or a spot between two, and you check which of those is closer.

Edit: Given the distribution of primes in that range, you could probably speed things up (a tiny bit) by using an interpolation search -- instead of always starting at the middle of the table, use linear interpolation to guess at a more accurate starting point. The 100th prime number should be somewhere around 250 or so (at a guess -- I haven't checked), so if (for example) you wanted the one closest to 50, you'd start about 1/5th of the way into the array instead of halfway. You can pretty much treat the primes as starting at 1, so just divide the number you want by the largest in your range to get a guess at the starting point.

Answers so far are rather complicated, given the task in hand. The first hundred primes are all less then 600. I would create an array of size 600 and place in each the value of the nearest prime to that number. Then, given a number to test, I would round it both up and down using the floor and ceil functions to get one or two candidate answers. A simple comparison with the distances to these numbers will give you a very fast answer.

The simplest approach would be to store the primes in a sorted list and modify your algorithm to do a binary search.

The standard binary search algorithm would return null for a miss, but it should be straight-forward to modify it for your purposes.

The fastest algorithm? Create a lookup table with p[100]=541 elements and return the result for floor(x), with special logic for x on [2,3]. That would be O(1).

You should sort your number in array then you can use binary search. This algorithm is O(log n) performance in worst case.

public static boolean p(int n){

    for(int i=3;i*i<=n;i+=2) {
        if(n%i==0)
            return false;
    }
    return n%2==0? false: true; }

public static void main(String args[]){
    String n="0";
    int x = Integer.parseInt(n);
    int z=x;
    int a=0;
    int i=1;
    while(!p(x)){

      a = i*(int)Math.pow(-1, i);
      i++;
      x+=a;
    }

    System.out.println( (int) Math.abs(x-z));}

this is for n>=2.

In python:

>>> def nearest_prime(n):
    incr = -1
    multiplier = -1
    count = 1
    while True:
        if prime(n):
            return n
        else:
            n = n + incr
            multiplier = multiplier * -1
            count = count + 1
            incr = multiplier * count

>>> nearest_prime(3)
3
>>> nearest_prime(4)
3
>>> nearest_prime(5)
5
>>> nearest_prime(6)
5
>>> nearest_prime(7)
7
>>> nearest_prime(8)
7
>>> nearest_prime(9)
7
>>> nearest_prime(10)
11

<?php
$N1Diff = null;
$N2Diff = null;

$n1 = null;
$n2 = null;

$number = 16;

function isPrime($x) {

    for ($i = 2; $i < $x; $i++) {
        if ($x % $i == 0) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}


for ($j = $number; ; $j--) {

    if( isPrime($j) ){
       $N1Diff = abs($number - $j);
       $n1 = $j;
       break;
    }
}


for ($j = $number; ; $j++) {

    if( isPrime($j) ){
       $N2Diff = abs($number - $j);
       $n2 = $j;
       break;
    }

}

if($N1Diff < $N2Diff) {

    echo $n1;

} else if ($N1Diff2 < $N1Diff ){
    echo $n2;
}

If you want to write an algorithm, A Wikipedia search for prime number led me to another article on the Sieve of Eratosthenes. The algorithm looks a bit simple and I'm thinking a recursive function would suit it well imo. (I could be wrong about that.)

If the array solution isn't a valid solution for you (it is the best one for your scenario), you can try the code below. After the "2 or 3" case, it will check every odd number away from the starting value until it finds a prime.

static int NearestPrime(double original)
{
    int above = (int)Math.Ceiling(original);
    int below = (int)Math.Floor(original);

    if (above <= 2)
    {
        return 2;
    }

    if (below == 2)
    {
        return (original - 2 < 0.5) ? 2 : 3;
    }

    if (below % 2 == 0) below -= 1;
    if (above % 2 == 0) above += 1;

    double diffBelow = double.MaxValue, diffAbove = double.MaxValue;

    for (; ; above += 2, below -= 2)
    {
        if (IsPrime(below))
        {
            diffBelow = original - below;
        }

        if (IsPrime(above))
        {
            diffAbove = above - original;
        }

        if (diffAbove != double.MaxValue || diffBelow != double.MaxValue)
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    //edit to your liking for midpoint cases (4.0, 6.0, 9.0, etc)
    return (int) (diffAbove < diffBelow ? above : below);
}

static bool IsPrime(int p)  //intentionally incomplete due to checks in NearestPrime
{
    for (int i = 3; i < Math.Sqrt(p); i += 2)
    {
        if (p % i == 0)
            return false;
    }

    return true;
}

Lookup table whit size of 100 bytes; (unsigned chars) Round real number and use lookup table.

Maybe we can find the left and right nearest prime numbers, and then compare to get the nearest one. (I've assumed that the next prime number shows up within next 10 occurrences)

def leftnearestprimeno(n):
    n1 = n-1
    while(n1 >= 0):
        if isprime(n1):
            return n1
        else:
            n1 -= 1
    return -1

def rightnearestprimeno(n):
    n1 = n+1
    while(n1 < (n+10)):
        if isprime(n1):
            return n1
        else:
            n1 += 1

    return -1


n = int(input())
a = leftnearestprimeno(n)
b = rightnearestprimeno(n)
if (n - a) < (b - n):
    print("nearest: ", a)
elif (n - a) > (b - n):
    print("nearest: ", b)
else: 
    print("nearest: ", a)        #in case the difference is equal, choose min 
                                 #value

Simplest answer- Every prime number can be represented in the form (6*x-1 and 6*X +1) (except 2 and 3). let number is N.divide it with 6. t=N/6; now a=(t-1)*6 b=(t+1)*6 and check which one is closer to N.