OpenGL paint program based on Apple's 'glPaint' on a white background - how to blend?

Trying to write a simple paint program for iPhone, and I'm using Apple's glPaint sample as a guide. The only problem is, painting doesn't work on a white background, since white + colour = white. I've tried different blending functions, but haven't been able to hit on the right combination of settings and/or brushes to make this work. I开发者_Python百科've seen similar posts about this problem but no answers. Does anyone know how this might work?

Edit:

I don't even really transparency effects, at this point if I could draw solid lines with rounded ends I'd be happy.

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I got white backgrounds working (using the default GLPaint code), by just changing the clear colour in the erase method ie,

- (void) erase
{
    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context];

    // Clear the buffer
    glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, viewFramebuffer);
    //glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glClearColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0); // Change to white
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    // Display the buffer
    glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer);
    [context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES];
}

The default blend function and brush image seem to just work.

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Rather than adding the colour to the blend, could you subtract its opposite? This is roughly how paint and light work in real life, and should give the correct functionality.

Ex: If the user is painting in Red:255 Green:0 Blue:100 Opacity:0.5, you should do this to the pixel:

pixel.red -= (255-paint.red) * paint.opacity;      //Subtract 0
pixel.green -= (255-paint.green) * paint.opacity;  //Subtract 127.5
pixel.blue -= (255-paint.blue) * paint.opacity;    //Subtract 77.5

EDIT: As you pointed out, it is not what is expected, as painting over full blue with full red will go to black, since they subtract each other.

A possible fix to this would be to combine the additive and subtractive approach.

For instance if you added 0.5*paint.colour and subtracted 0.5*paint.complementaryColour, adding full red to full blue would result in:

newPixel.red -> 0 +  127.5 -  0  = 127.5
newPixel.green -> 0 + 0 - 127.5  = 0     //Cap it off, or invent new math =D
newPixel.blue -> 255 + 0 - 127.5 = 127.5

As you can see, this results in a nice purple colour, which is the combination of blue and red. You can tweak the proportion of additive to subtractive logic to simulate how well the paint mixes.

Hope that helps! =)

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Yea I had the same issue. The edges of the brush were darker than they should be. It turns out that apple's api pre multiplies the alpha into the rgb channels.

So I countered that by making a grayscale brush in photoshop with just rgb values and no alpha channel. This should look the way you want your brush to be with white representing full color pigmentaton and black representing no color pigmentation. I load that brush the way its done in apple's glPaint sample code. I then copy the R-channel (or G or B channels as they all are equal) into the alpha channel of the texture. Following that I set the R-G-B values to maximum for all pixels of the brush texture.

So now your brush has an alpha channel with data of how exactly your brush looks. and the RGB are all 1.

Finally I used the blending function:

glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);

And dont forget to set the color before you draw.

glColor4f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); //red color

Check out the code below, see if it works for you:

-(GLuint) createBrushWithImage: (NSString*)brushName
{

    GLuint            brushTexture;
    CGImageRef      brushImage;
CGContextRef    brushContext;
GLubyte         *brushData,*brushData1;
size_t          width, height;

//initialize brush image
brushImage = [UIImage imageNamed:brushName].CGImage;

// Get the width and height of the image
width = CGImageGetWidth(brushImage);
height = CGImageGetHeight(brushImage);

//make the brush texture and context
if(brushImage) {
    // Allocate  memory needed for the bitmap context
    brushData = (GLubyte *) calloc(width * height *4, sizeof(GLubyte));
    // We are going to use brushData1 to make the final texture
    brushData1 = (GLubyte *) calloc(width * height *4, sizeof(GLubyte));
    // Use  the bitmatp creation function provided by the Core Graphics framework. 

    brushContext = CGBitmapContextCreate(brushData, width, height, 8, width *4 , CGImageGetColorSpace(brushImage), kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast);
    // After you create the context, you can draw the  image to the context.
    CGContextDrawImage(brushContext, CGRectMake(0.0f, 0.0f, (CGFloat)width, (CGFloat)height), brushImage);
    // You don't need the context at this point, so you need to release it to avoid memory leaks.
    CGContextRelease(brushContext);

    for(int i=0; i< width*height;i++){
                    //set the R-G-B channel to maximum
        brushData1[i*4] = brushData1[i*4+1] =brushData1[i*4+2] =0xff;
                    //store originally loaded brush image in alpha channel
        brushData1[i*4+3] = brushData[i*4];
    }

    // Use OpenGL ES to generate a name for the texture.
    glGenTextures(1, &brushTexture);
    // Bind the texture name. 
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, brushTexture);
    // Set the texture parameters to use a minifying filter and a linear filer (weighted average)
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    // Specify a 2D texture image, providing the a pointer to the image data in memory
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, brushData1);
    // Release  the image data; it's no longer needed
    free(brushData1);
    free(brushData);
}

return brushTexture; }

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i ran into something similar. the following blending function call solved it for me without any complicated math.

glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
glEnable(GL_BLEND);

Add this before your glDraw calls and you should be able to draw with any texture as brush.

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Actually this works even better:

glBlendFunc(GL_ONE,GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);

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The sample code GLPaint is used glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE) and glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE) mode in the function - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder.So while the color is white,all the other colors won't be see. I want to solve it too.

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glBlendFunc(GL_ONE,GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);

This is best answer.And you have to charge the brush picture.The picture must be a alpha backgroud and while ellipse.