Check if something is a list

What is the easiest way to check if something is a list?

A method doSomething has the parameters a and b. In the method, it will loop through the list a and do something. I'd like a way to make sure a is a list, before looping through - thus avoi开发者_开发技巧ding an error or the unfortunate circumstance of passing in a string then getting back a letter from each loop.

This question must have been asked before - however my googles failed me. Cheers.

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To enable more usecases, but still treat strings as scalars, don't check for a being a list, check that it isn't a string:

if not isinstance(a, basestring):
    ...

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Typechecking hurts the generality, simplicity, and maintainability of your code. It is seldom used in good, idiomatic Python programs.

There are two main reasons people want to typecheck:

1. To issue errors if the caller provides the wrong type.

   This is not worth your time. If the user provides an incompatible type for the operation you are performing, an error will already be raised when the compatibility is hit. It is worrisome that this might not happen immediately, but it typically doesn't take long at all and results in code that is more robust, simple, efficient, and easier to write.

   Oftentimes people insist on this with the hope they can catch all the dumb things a user can do. If a user is willing to do arbitrarily dumb things, there is nothing you can do to stop him. Typechecking mainly has the potential of keeping a user who comes in with his own types that are drop-in replacements for the ones replaced or when the user recognizes that your function should actually be polymorphic and provides something different that can accept the same operation.

   If I had a big system where lots of things made by lots of people should fit together right, I would use a system like zope.interface to make testing that everything fits together right.

2. To do different things based on the types of the arguments received.

   This makes your code worse because your API is inconsistent. A function or method should do one thing, not fundamentally different things. This ends up being a feature not usually worth supporting.

   One common scenario is to have an argument that can either be a foo or a list of foos. A cleaner solution is simply to accept a list of foos. Your code is simpler and more consistent. If it's an important, common use case only to have one foo, you can consider having another convenience method/function that calls the one that accepts a list of foos and lose nothing. Providing the first API would not only have been more complicated and less consistent, but it would break when the types were not the exact values expected; in Python we distinguish between objects based on their capabilities, not their actual types. It's almost always better to accept an arbitrary iterable or a sequence instead of a list and anything that works like a foo instead of requiring a foo in particular.

As you can tell, I do not think either reason is compelling enough to typecheck under normal circumstances.

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I'd like a way to make sure a is a list, before looping through

Document the function.

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Usually it's considered not a good style to perform type-check in Python, but try

if isinstance(a, list):
  ...

(I think you may also check if a.__iter__ exists.)