SVN marking file production ready_问答_开发者_运维开发者技术经验分享

I am kind of new to SVN, I haven't used it in detail basically just checking out trunk and committing then exporting and deploying.

I am working on a big project now with seve开发者_如何学Pythonral developers and we are looking for the best deployment process. The one thing we are hung up on is the best way to tag, branch and so on. We are used to CVS where all you have to do is commit a file and tag it as production ready and if not that code will not get deployed.

I see that SVN handles tagging differently then CVS. I figure I am looking at this and making it overly complex. It seems the only way to work on a project and commit files without it being in the production code is to do it in a branch and then merge those changes when you are ready for it to be deployed. I am assuming you could also be working on other code that should be deployed so you would have to be switching between working copies, because otherwise you are working on a branch that isn't getting mixed in with the trunk or production branch?

This process seems overly complex and I was wondering if anyone could give me what you think is the best process for managing this.

we do the following and are very happy with it:

small features and bugfixes (that take less than about two days) are made on the trunk. the trunk should always be stable enough to be "releaseable" in less than one week.
more complex features and bugfixes are implemented on feature branches and are later reintegrated into trunk.
every build (we have a build server) gets a tag containing its version number.
once we get closer to a release, a release (or bugfix) branch is created from one of the latest tags. that way new features for the next release can already be committed on the trunk, but only features (and bugfixes) for the current release will be merged to the release-branch.

i have a projects folder into which i checkout the trunk, the last few release-branches and the feature branch(es) i'm currently working on. that way i can easily commit and merge between different branches.

two more helpful rules:

create bugfixes on the trunk and merge them to the release branches, not the other way around. otherwise you can forget to merge bugfixes to the trunk, which would make already fixed bugs pop up in the next release again.
weekly merge all changes on the trunk to your feature branches to prevent the two branches from drifting too far apart. if you let weeks or months pass before trying to reintegrate the feature branch, you might have to spend days or weeks to resolve all the conflicts. that won't happen if you merge weekly from the trunk to the feature branches.

There are two schools of thought for working with SVN (and most other centralized VCS):

Stable Trunk - The trunk is where all of your good stable code is. Only safe "single work-unit" changes are done to the trunk. All of your development is done in branches and then merged to the trunk. When it is release time, you tag from the trunk.
Unstable Trunk - The trunk is your "bleeding edge". All the new stuff gets committed to the trunk. When your work starts to gel into a release, you make a branch where you can work on stabilizing and polishing everything. You'll end up with a branch for each release (branches/v1.0, branches/v1.1, etc). You tag from the release branch when it is ready.

Notes about Model #1:

People can work in branches without stomping on each other.
You can divide the unstable development work up as you see fit, even one branch per developer.
You can have hierarchical branches, with quality gates between them. Example: Joe commits unstable stuff to his private branch, when Joe is happy with his work, it gets merged to the team-level branch, which gets tested more formally, and then it is merged to the trunk with the fully-tested work from other teams.
This means a lot of merging, in both directions. Stuff gets pushed up to the trunk. Trunk changes need to be propagated down to the branches.
Prior to SVN's merge tracking features, this was really hard to do.

Notes about Model #2:

The development work is more collaborative. It discourages people from working for a too long in isolation, then dropping a bomb onto the codebase.
There will be a lot of broken builds, unless you enforce some discipline with pre-commit testing.
It encourages keeping the codebase modularized, so you don't have everyone fighting to change the same files in the trunk at the same time.
This model makes it easier to manage updates to older and newer releases (e.g. you are releasing bugfixes for both v1.x and v2.x).
For long-running changes, you probably need a branch to work on the feature anyway.

I have seen both models work very well. It depends on how the team works and how the codebase is structured.

What the best process is depends on a number of factors. How big are your changes, what kind are they (bug-fixes, new features), how many developers do you have?

In general I would suggest to use branches for big new features or large refactorings that might affect the entire software. Small bugfixes or really small features, that don't affect other parts might be developed on the trunk.

But the main uneasiness you seem to have might be resolved by actually using two trunks. One for the current development/testing version and one for the current stable version. Then you can merge the changes from development to stable before deploying them. In the end this is more or less like another branch common to all developers.

Fortunately subversion lets you do any of this without any problems.

The best source for more information might be the SVN Book

the only way to work on a project and commit files without it being in the production code is to do it in a branch and then merge those changes when you are ready for it to be deployed.

Absolutely correct. This is the way to work with SVN, TFS and most modern source control management systems.

The normal workflow is to have a TRUNK branch which is as close to production as possible, and a Main branch, which the work is done on - for large features you create sub branches from your Main branch.

There are distributed SCMs, such as Git and Mercurial that do not work this way, but chances are you will find them even more complex than SVN.

See this blog post on one branching strategy (A SVN branching strategy that works).

Here is another (Simple branching and merging with SVN).