is there a shell command to insert a string of characters in every line of a file

is there any shell command to insert a string of characters in every 开发者_StackOverflowline of a file.. < in the beginning or the end of every line >

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Lots of them.

This will work:

sed -i -e 's/.*/START & END/' file

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sed -i 's/^/Before/' file.txt
sed -i 's/$/After/'  file.txt

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linecount=0
while IFS= read -r LINE; do
  echo "$((linecount++)) START $LINE END"
done < file

If you want to do fancier manipulation of the linecount:

linecount=0
while IFS= read -r LINE; do
  let linecount++
  echo "$((linecount-5)) START $LINE END"
done < file

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awk

awk '{print NR"START"$0"END"}' file