Django user impersonation by admin_问答_开发者

I have a Django app. When logged in as an admin user, I want to be able to pass a secret parameter in the URL and have the whole site behave as if I were another user.

Let's say I have the URL /my-profile/ which shows the curre开发者_StackOverflow社区ntly logged in user's profile. I want to be able to do something like /my-profile/?__user_id=123 and have the underlying view believe that I am actually the user with ID 123 (thus render that user's profile).

Why do I want that?

Simply because it's much easier to reproduce certain bugs that only appear in a single user's account.

My questions:

What would be the easiest way to implement something like this?
Is there any security concern I should have in mind when doing this? Note that I (obviously) only want to have this feature for admin users, and our admin users have full access to the source code, database, etc. anyway, so it's not really a "backdoor"; it just makes it easier to access a user's account.

I don't have enough reputation to edit or reply yet (I think), but I found that although ionaut's solution worked in simple cases, a more robust solution for me was to use a session variable. That way, even AJAX requests are served correctly without modifying the request URL to include a GET impersonation parameter.

class ImpersonateMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request):
        if request.user.is_superuser and "__impersonate" in request.GET:
            request.session['impersonate_id'] = int(request.GET["__impersonate"])
        elif "__unimpersonate" in request.GET:
            del request.session['impersonate_id']
        if request.user.is_superuser and 'impersonate_id' in request.session:
            request.user = User.objects.get(id=request.session['impersonate_id'])

Usage:

log in: http://localhost/?__impersonate=[USERID]
log out (back to admin): http://localhost/?__unimpersonate=True

It looks like quite a few other people have had this problem and have written re-usable apps to do this and at least some are listed on the django packages page for user switching. The most active at time of writing appear to be:

django-hijack puts a "hijack" button in the user list in the admin, along with a bit at the top of page for while you've hijacked an account.
impostor means you can login with username "me as other" and your own password
django-impersonate sets up URLs to start impersonating a user, stop, search etc

I solved this with a simple middleware. It also handles redirects (that is, the GET parameter is preserved during a redirect). Here it is:

class ImpersonateMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request):
        if request.user.is_superuser and "__impersonate" in request.GET:
            request.user = models.User.objects.get(id=int(request.GET["__impersonate"]))

    def process_response(self, request, response):
        if request.user.is_superuser and "__impersonate" in request.GET:
            if isinstance(response, http.HttpResponseRedirect):
                location = response["Location"]
                if "?" in location:
                    location += "&"
                else:
                    location += "?"
                location += "__impersonate=%s" % request.GET["__impersonate"]
                response["Location"] = location
        return response

@Charles Offenbacher's answer is great for impersonating users who are not being authenticated via tokens. However, it will not work with clients side apps that use token authentication. To get user impersonation to work with apps using tokens, one has to directly set the HTTP_AUTHORIZATION header in the Impersonate Middleware. My answer basically plagiarizes Charles's answer and adds lines for manually setting said header.

class ImpersonateMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request):
        if request.user.is_superuser and "__impersonate" in request.GET:
            request.session['impersonate_id'] = int(request.GET["__impersonate"])
        elif "__unimpersonate" in request.GET:
            del request.session['impersonate_id']
        if request.user.is_superuser and 'impersonate_id' in request.session:
            request.user = User.objects.get(id=request.session['impersonate_id'])
            # retrieve user's token
            token = Token.objects.get(user=request.user)
            # manually set authorization header to user's token as it will be set to that of the admin's (assuming the admin has one, of course)
            request.META['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION'] = 'Token {0}'.format(token.key)

i don't see how that is a security hole any more than using su - someuser as root on a a unix machine. root or an django-admin with root/admin access to the database can fake anything if he/she wants to. the risk is only in the django-admin account being cracked at which point the cracker could hide tracks by becoming another user and then faking actions as the user.

yes, it may be called a backdoor, but as ibz says, admins have access to the database anyways. being able to make changes to the database in that light is also a backdoor.

Set up so you have two different host names to the same server. If you are doing it locally, you can connect with 127.0.0.1, or localhost, for example. Your browser will see this as three different sites, and you can be logged in with different users. The same works for your site.

So in addition to www.mysite.com you can set up test.mysite.com, and log in with the user there. I often set up sites (with Plone) so I have both www.mysite.com and admin.mysite.com, and only allow access to the admin pages from there, meaning I can log in to the normal site with the username that has the problems.