How do I convert a string to a buffer in Python 3.1?

I am attempting to pipe something to a subprocess using the following line:

p.communicate开发者_开发百科("insert into egg values ('egg');");

TypeError: must be bytes or buffer, not str

How can I convert the string to a buffer?

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The correct answer is:

p.communicate(b"insert into egg values ('egg');");

Note the leading b, telling you that it's a string of bytes, not a string of unicode characters. Also, if you are reading this from a file:

value = open('thefile', 'rt').read()
p.communicate(value);

The change that to:

value = open('thefile', 'rb').read()
p.communicate(value);

Again, note the 'b'. Now if your value is a string you get from an API that only returns strings no matter what, then you need to encode it.

p.communicate(value.encode('latin-1');

Latin-1, because unlike ASCII it supports all 256 bytes. But that said, having binary data in unicode is asking for trouble. It's better if you can make it binary from the start.

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You can convert it to bytes with encode method:

>>> "insert into egg values ('egg');".encode('ascii')    # ascii is just an example
b"insert into egg values ('egg');"