How do I convert functions that use C++ pass-by-reference into C?

I have a piece of code that is written in C++ and nee开发者_JAVA技巧d it in C. I converted most of it but I can't figure out how to convert C++ pass-by-reference in functions to C code, i.e.

Example:

int& a;

it is used in some function as a input variable:

void do_something(float f, char ch, int& a)

When I compile it with C I get compiler errors. Whats the correct way to replace the pass by references in C?

---

The way to do this in C is to pass by pointer:

void do_something(float f, char ch, int* a)

Also when using a in do_something instead of

void do_something(float f, char ch, int& a)
{
   a = 5;
   printf("%d", a);
}

You now need to dereference a

void do_something(float f, char ch, int* a)
{
   *a = 5;
   printf("%d", *a);
}

And when calling do_something you need to take the address of what's being passed for a, so instead of

int foo = 0;
d_something(0.0, 'z', foo);

You need to do:

int foo = 0;
d_something(0.0, 'z', &foo);

to get the address of (ie the pointer to) foo.

---

Because references are not available in C, you'll have to pass a pointer instead:

void do_something(float f, char ch, int *a)

And then in the body of the function you must dereference it in order to get or modify the pointed to value:

*a = 5;

Assuming that x in an int, and you want to call the function, you use the & operator to get its address (convert it to an int * pointer):

do_something(f, ch, &x)

---

The closest equivalent is a pointer:

do_something(float f, char ch, int* a)

Having done this, you'll need to change a -> *a everywhere within the function, and change calls to the function to pass &a instead of a.

---

There's no equivalent to C++ references in C. However, you could use pointers. They are however variables with their own address, whereas C++ references are just aliases.

function do_something(float f, char ch, int* a)

---

The "easy", but inadvisable, way is to get help from a helper pointer variable and a #define
^{feel free to downvote this answer! I would if I could :)}

Turn this

int foo(int &a) {
    a = 42;
    /* ... */
    return 0;
}

into

int foo(int *tmpa) {       /* & to *; rename argument */
    #define a (*tmpa)      /* define argument to old variable */
    a = 42;                /* no change */
    /* ... */              /* no change */
    return 0;              /* no change */
    #undef a               /* "undo" macro */
}

Note: the introduction of the #define must be done with care