Disposing of objects with circular references

My design is as follows:

• __main__ references a
• a references b
• b references a
• a is created and then disposed of from __main__

Thus a and b have circular references. However upon del a I would prefer both a and b disposed of.

I see in many places advice to use Context Managers, and specifically the with statement instead of __del__(). However all the examples I see of with start and end in lo开发者_JAVA技巧cal scope (e.g. of a certain method)

Can this be elegantly performed with with?

What is the alternative?

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I recommend either:

• Using weakref - which is sometimes applicable when circular references are involved
• or ... just manually disposing of stuff in the order you need - not in __del__ but in an explicit dispose method you call at the right time(s)

In general, when you know you have circular references, relying on automatic __del__ disposal is not a good idea. It's brittle - even if you manage to make it work in some case, small changes in dependencies can break it again.

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What is the alternative?

Do nothing. Until you create millions of circular references like this -- and can prove that this (and only this) is breaking your program -- it doesn't actually matter.

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Garbage collector is supposed to handle this.