How to compare bubble charts programmatically?

1.) I have data points for a bubble chart of age vs weight [['<15 yr', 30], ['<25 yr', 60], ...]

2.) I also have 4 or 5 canned models for overweight population, malnutrition, etc.

How to tell 开发者_StackOverflow中文版(programmatically) if a given set of data matches any of the pre-determined models.

What specific math or statistics literature I need to look for direction.

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In statistics this is usually studied using a Goodness of fit test. Any good statistics book should cover this topic. This question might be a good candidate for stats.stackexchange.com