PDO pass by reference notice?

This:

$stmt = $dbh->prepare("SELECT thing FROM table WHERE color = :color");
$stmt->bindParam(':color', $someClass->getColor());
$stmt->execute();

yields this:

Runtime notice

Only variables should be passed by reference

though it still executes.

This:

$stmt = $dbh->prepare("SELECT thing FROM table WHERE color = :color");
$tempColor = $someClass->getColor();
$stmt->bind开发者_如何转开发Param(':color',$tempColor);
$stmt->execute();

runs without complaint.

I don't understand the difference?

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The description of PDOStatement::bindParam() states that it binds a PHP variable to a quesitonmark or named placeholder. Since you are trying to pass a class's method (even though that method does return a value) it is still not a variable name, hence the warning. You might want to look at PDOStatement::bindValue() to future-proof your code.

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The second parameter of bindParam is a variable reference. Since a function return cannot be referenced, it fails to strictly meet the needs of the bindParam parameter (PHP will work with you though and will only issue a warning here).

To get a better idea, here's and example: this code will produce the same results as your second example:

$stmt = $dbh->prepare("SELECT thing FROM table WHERE color = :color");
$tempColor = NULL; // assigned here
$stmt->bindParam(':color',$tempColor);
$tempColor = $someClass->getColor(); // but reassigned here
$stmt->execute();

That won't be possible with a function return.

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If you want to avoid assigning the value to a variable, you might be better off trying:

$stmt = $dbh->prepare("SELECT thing FROM table WHERE color = ?");
$stmt->execute(array($someClass->getColor()));

As others have mentioned, the error is caused because PDO::statement->bindParam expects param 2 to be a variable passed by reference.

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If you really want to bind a value instead of a reference, you can use the PDOStatement::bindValue and then you code would look something like this:

$stmt = $dbh->prepare("SELECT thing FROM table WHERE color = :color");
$stmt->bindValue('color', $someObject->getColor());
$stmt->execute();