copies of classes in python

Assume I have an instance foo of some class Class with some variable foo.x. Now I want to produce a copy of foo:

bar = foo

when I now change bar.x, this also changes foo.x. How can I get a copy of foo, wher开发者_Go百科e I can change everything without changing the original foo? Creating a new instance of Class is not an option, because I need it in the state in which foo already is.

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You need to use the module copy.

bar = copy.deepcopy(foo)

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You can use deepcopy:

bar = deepcopy(foo)

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Note that you can also implement your own copy with customized(sure if you really need this) behavior the following way:

from copy import copy

class d(object):

    def __copy__(self):
        newd = d()
        newd.x = self.x+1
        return newd

foo = d()
foo.x = 11
a = copy(d)
print a.x, foo.x

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bar = copy.copy(foo) # make a shallow copy of foo

bar = copy.deepcopy(foo) # make a deep copy of foo

copy(x) Shallow copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.

deepcopy(x, memo=None, _nil=[]) Deep copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.