Organization vs Architecture_问答_开发者_运维开发者技术经验分享

Can someone explain the difference between Computer Organization vs Computer Architecture?

From what I have read architecture would be like instruction sets, addressing modes, and registers开发者_运维问答

whereas organization could things such as memory, I/O Port, or the MPC is this correct?

Use these points to compare.

*note :use point 1 for architecture and compare it with point 1 for organization

Architecture

interface between hardware and software
abstract model and is programmer's view in terms of instructions,addressing modes and registers
describes what computer does
while designing computer system architecture is considered first
it deals with high level design issues

eg : is there a multiplication instruction??

Organisation

deals with components of connection in a system
expresses the realization of architecture
describes how computer does a task
organization is done on the basis of architecture
deals with low level design issues

eg : is there a multiplication unit or is it done by repeated addition??

This should answer your question

Computer organization is how operational attributes are linked together and contribute to realise the architectural specifications.

Computer architecture is the architectural attrributes like physical address memory,CPU and how they should be made and made to coordinate with each other keeping the future demands and goals in mind.

Computer architecture comes before computer organiation.Its like building the design and architecture of house takes maximum time and then organisation is building house by bricks or by latest technology keeping the basic layout and architecture of house in mind.

Computer architecture is a high level view in a way that it focuses on what can be done rather than how is it done where as computer organisation focuses on the later. An example which explains it in best way is that:-

what maximum bit number your machine can compute this is architecture.
where as whether it does this using 4 cycles on 16 bit machine or 1 cycle on 64 bit machine is organization

`Computer Organization                        Computer Architecture
--> often called micro architecture.         --> It is a bit high level.
-->Transparent from the coder point          --> To the coder point of view.
   of view.                                     [Ex. coder is aware of which 
                                                    instruction has been used.]
-->Corresponding to the circuit Diagram.     --> Corresponding to set of 
                                                 instructions.
-->It shows how the System works.            --> Describes what the System does.
`

In describing computers, a distinction is often made between computer architecture and computer organization.

Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible to a programmer or those attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program.

Examples of architectural attributes include:

the instruction set,
the number of bits used to represent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters),
I/O mechanisms, and
techniques for addressing memory.

it is an architectural design issue whether a computer will have a multiply instruction or not.

Computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications. Organizational attributes include:

The hardware details transparent to the programmer, such as control signals;
interfaces between the computer and peripherals; and
the memory technology used

However, it is an organizational issue whether that instruction will be implemented by a special multiply unit or by a mechanism that makes repeated use of the add unit of the system. In other words, a computer organization is designed to implement a particular architectural specification. The organizational decision may be based on:

the anticipated frequency of use of the multiply instruction,
the relative speed of the two approaches, and
the cost and physical size of a special multiply unit

Historically, and still today, the distinction between architecture and organization has been an important one. Many computer manufacturers offer a family of computer models, all with the same architecture but with differences in organization.

Consequently, the different models in the family have different price and performance characteristics. Furthermore, a particular architecture may span many years and encompass a number of different computer models, while its organization is regularly changing with changing technology.

A prominent example of an architecture which lasted over the years and included a number of models with different speeds and costs - all with the same architecture - is the IBM System/370 architecture.

There are different types of computers (supercomputers, mainframe computers, microcomputers such as PCs, etc.)

Specifically in the case of microcomputers, the relationship between architecture and organization is very close.

Changes in technology not only influence organization but also result in the introduction of more powerful and more complex architectures.

In general, for PCs there is less of a requirement for generation-to-generation compatibility. Thus, there is more interplay between organizational and architectural design decisions.

An example is the Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC).

NOTE: Although, the focus of this module is more on organization, a detailed examination of architecture is also necessary, because a computer’s organization is designed to implement a particular architectural specification. Therefore, dealing with organization requires a thorough understanding of architecture as well.

Cm Arch is the basic Characterestics of a computer and for what it created and the main majors of computer and here the speed Performance etc... Does'nt matter. But computer organization describes how computer should work and what Functions it should have and also the same about speed, Performance, and new Features of each computer