Pip using system python osx_问答_开发者_运维开发者技术经验分享

I installed python26 using macports, so the correct python on my system is /opt/local/bin/python

sudo pip install <packagename>

It gives me

sudo pip install <somepackage>                                           
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.0.1-py2.6.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 126, in main
    self.run(options, args)
  File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.0.1-py2.6.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 215, in run
    import setuptools
ImportError: No module named setuptools

Storing complete log in /Users/navin/.pip/pip.log

And so, I suspect that it is using the system python. I've installed distribute (which contains setuptools) via their site instructions. I installed pip via an installer as well. I somehow managed to clobber the setuptools for the system python I think, so that's why I'm having this problem now :(

What do I do to get pip working again?

UPDATE: I strongly recommend installing CPython by building from source (example), and then creating virtual environments to work in.

Summarizing the above, installing pip using Macports:

sudo port install py39-pip

results in an installation of a MacPorts port named py39-pip.

However, no /opt/local/bin/pip is installed and port select pip or port select py27-pip both fail (in contrast to port select python). Changing things in the bin directory of another distribution is not recommended.

Note that Python files in:

/usr/bin are of the preinstalled Python of macOS
/usr/local/bin are installed by MacPython, available from python.org
/opt/local/bin are installed by MacPorts.

The actual executable files can be found by ls -ls applied to the various Python-related symbolic links found in each of the above bin directories).

To ensure that the Python installed by MacPorts is called first, place /opt/local/bin within the runtime environment's PATH earlier than /usr/bin and /usr/local/bin. This can be done in the file ~/.bash_profile or the file ~/.bashrc (which one depends on your system and configuration). For example, writing

export PATH=/opt/local/bin:$PATH

last in ~/.bashrc will have this effect (assuming that the intended shell will source the file ~/.bashrc).

After the paths have been appropriately defined, the system still fails to find a pip command in the Macports bin directory, because it is installed as /opt/local/bin/pip3.9. The file /opt/local/bin/pip is not automatically created.

As a result, the system continues searching the PATH, and if e.g. MacPython is added to the path some place later and has pip installed, then that pip will show up.

This can be avoided by the command proposed above:

sudo ln -s /opt/local/bin/pip3.9 /opt/local/bin/pip

Remove pip from /usr/local/bin with sudo rm /usr/local/bin/pip.

If you have installed pip with macports, which pip should then show /opt/local/bin/pip. If not, install pip again by following the instructions here. As long as which python shows the /opt/local installation, it should work. If it doesn't, you will need to edit your PATH env variable.

Here is my setup to get pip working with macports and set py26-pip as the default pip

sudo port install py26-pip && sudo port select --set pip py26-pip

after install finishes run to see the help information for pip

pip --help

after you may need to update your path to include the bin files installed by pip edit .bash_profile to include something like

export PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin:$PATH

You should have the python and pip installed in /opt/local/bin/ prior to those installed in /usr/local/bin/.

Also, you should check to execute which python and whether the pip was installed in /opt/local/bin/pip.

I found I needed to ln -s /opt/local/bin/pip-2.7 /opt/local/bin/pip. For some reason macports didn't built that link, even when you try activating that version of python or pip.