In Bash, if VAR="/home/me/mydir/file.c"
, how do I get "/home/m开发者_StackOverflowe/mydir"
?
dirname
and basename
are the tools you're looking for for extracting path components:
$ VAR='/home/pax/file.c'
$ DIR="$(dirname "${VAR}")" ; FILE="$(basename "${VAR}")"
$ echo "[${DIR}] [${FILE}]"
[/home/pax] [file.c]
They're not internal bash
commands but they are part of the POSIX standard - see dirname
and basename
. Hence, they're probably available on, or can be obtained for, most platforms that are capable of running bash
.
$ export VAR=/home/me/mydir/file.c
$ export DIR=${VAR%/*}
$ echo "${DIR}"
/home/me/mydir
$ echo "${VAR##*/}"
file.c
To avoid dependency with basename
and dirname
On a related note, if you only have the filename or relative path, dirname
on its own won't help. For me, the answer ended up being readlink
.
fname='txtfile'
echo $(dirname "$fname") # output: .
echo $(readlink -f "$fname") # output: /home/me/work/txtfile
You can then combine the two to get just the directory.
echo $(dirname $(readlink -f "$fname")) # output: /home/me/work
If you care target files to be symbolic link, firstly you can check it and get the original file. The if clause below may help you.
if [ -h $file ]
then
base=$(dirname $(readlink $file))
else
base=$(dirname $file)
fi
HERE=$(cd $(dirname $BASH_SOURCE) && pwd)
where you get the full path with new_path=$(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE[0]})
. You change current directory with cd
new_path and then run pwd
to get the full path to the current directory.
I was playing with this and came up with an alternative.
$ VAR=/home/me/mydir/file.c
$ DIR=`echo $VAR |xargs dirname`
$ echo $DIR
/home/me/mydir
The part I liked is it was easy to extend backup the tree:
$ DIR=`echo $VAR |xargs dirname |xargs dirname |xargs dirname`
$ echo $DIR
/home
You could try something like this using approach for How to find the last field using 'cut':
Explanation
rev
reverses/home/user/mydir/file_name.c
to bec.eman_elif/ridym/resu/emoh/
cut
uses/
as the delimiter, and chooses the second field, which isridym/resu/emoh/
, which deletes string up to the first occurrence of/
- lastly, we reverse it again to get
/home/user/mydir
$ VAR="/home/user/mydir/file_name.c"
$ echo $VAR | rev | cut -d"/" -f2- | rev
/home/user/mydir
Here is a script I used for recursive trimming. Replace $1 with the directory you want, of course.
BASEDIR=$1
IFS=$'\n'
cd "$BASEDIR"
for f in $(find . -type f -name ' *')
do
DIR=$(dirname "$f")
DIR=${DIR:1}
cd "$BASEDIR$DIR"
rename 's/^ *//' *
done
I like my paths absolute, and I need it from the (first) bash parameter (not a variable, not $pdf
, not script location):
i.e. to reliably create a subfolder next to my chosen file ($1):
rp="$(realpath $(dirname $1)/pfd_extract)"
mkdir -p "$rp"
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