Asking for facebook permissions only when required_问答_开发者

I have the following script which works, i.e. it goes to the facebook login page if the user is not already logged in, and asks them if they are ok with the app to post messages on their wall:

<?php
    require 'facebook.php';

    $facebook = new Facebook(array(
        'appId'  => 'removed for security reasons',
        'secret' => 'removed for security reasons',
        'cookie' => true,
    ));

    $session = $facebook->getSession();

    if ($session) {

        if (isset($_GET[id])) {

            $post = $facebook->api("/" . $_GET['id'] . "/feed", "POST",  array('message' => 'Hello!'));
            echo 'A message has been posted on your friends wall';

        } else {

            $friends = $facebook->api('/me/friends');

            foreach ($friends as $key=>$value) {
                echo 'You have ' . count($value) . ' friends<br />';

                foreach ($value as $fkey=>$fvalue) {
                    echo 'friend id = ' . $fvalue[id] . ' - friend n开发者_Python百科ame = ' . $fvalue[name] . ' - <a href="/stage2.php?id=' . $fvalue[id] . '">post message</a><br />';
                }
            }
        }

    } else {

        $loginUrl = $facebook->getLoginUrl(array(
            'req_perms' => 'publish_stream',
            'next' => 'http://'.$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'].'/stage1.php',
            'cancel_url' => 'http://'.$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'].'/cancel.php',
        ));

        header('Location: '.$loginUrl);
    }
?>

How can this be improved so it does not ask for extended permissions in the start. It should only ask for basic permissions to display the friends list, and only ask for extended permissions if the user clicks on the friend to post a message.

Here's a rewrite of your code, with what I think are best practices:

<?php
require 'facebook.php';

$facebook = new Facebook(array(
    'appId'  => 'removed for security reasons',
    'secret' => 'removed for security reasons',
    'cookie' => true,
));

$session = $facebook->getSession();
// Prepare the login url with the right permission
$loginUrl = $facebook->getLoginUrl(array(
    'req_perms' => 'publish_stream',
    'next' => 'http://'.$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'].'/stage1.php',
    'cancel_url' => 'http://'.$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'].'/cancel.php',
));

if ($session) {
    try {
        // Before processing the request
        // check if we got the right permission
        $perms = $facebook->api(array(
            "method"    => "fql.query",
            "query"     => "SELECT publish_stream FROM permissions WHERE uid=me()"
        ));
        if($perms[0]['publish_stream']==='1') {
            // We have the right permission
            if (isset($_GET['id'])) {
                // A small security measure
                $id = (int) $_GET['id'];
                $post = $facebook->api("/$id/feed", "POST",  array('message' => 'Hello!'));
                echo 'A message has been posted on your friends wall';
            } else {
                $friends = $facebook->api(array(
                    "method"    => "fql.query",
                    "query"     => "SELECT uid,name FROM user WHERE uid IN (SELECT uid2 FROM friend WHERE uid1=me())"
                ));
                foreach($friends as $friend)
                    echo "friend id = {$friend['uid']} - friend name = {$friend['name']} - <a href=\"/stage2.php?id={$friend['uid']}\">post message</a><br />";
            }
        } else {
            // We don't have the right permission
            header('Location: '.$loginUrl);
        }
    } catch (FacebookApiException $e) {
        error_log($e);
    }
} else {
    header('Location: '.$loginUrl);
}
?>

How to check for a permission is explained here. Also I've added comments to save writing an explanation.

Quickly, there is something I want to point out regarding the following block of code:

foreach ($friends as $key=>$value) {
    echo 'You have ' . count($value) . ' friends<br />';

    foreach ($value as $fkey=>$fvalue) {
        echo 'friend id = ' . $fvalue[id] . ' - friend name = ' . $fvalue[name] . ' - <a href="/stage2.php?id=' . $fvalue[id] . '">post message</a><br />';
    }
}

Your 1st foreach loop is really misleading and not good practice at all. The Graph API isn't overly consistent in how it presents data, but the reason you are doing the foreach is to deal with the data key in the JSON object that is returned. This is generally a bad idea, because that data key is typically present along with other keys (like paging). Instead, I would check to see that $friends['data'] is not empty, and then re-assign the $friends array like so: $friends = $friends['data'];.

Example:

if (!empty($friends['data']))
{
    $friends = $friends['data'];
}
else
{
    $friends = array();
}

now, for your question.

You mentioned that you don't want to over-ask for permissions. That's a great thing to want, but the problem with it is that Facebook doesn't make it exceedingly easy to check for which permissions you do have or do not have. There is an FQL table that allows you check if your user has a certain set of permissions, but this table doesn't get updated with any kind of urgency. If you obtain extra permissions from a user (or if a user retracts permissions) and you then check this FQL table for the status of the permission, it can (and probably will) read the incorrect value and you will get a false positive.

You have three options to deal with this, that I can think of right off the top of my head.

Continue on your stage1.php code, as you are - there's nothing wrong with the way you're obtaining the installation and the session for the user there. You change page 2 to redirect your user through the OAuth endpoint requesting the publish-stream permission every time the user loads the page. The OAuth endpoint will not re-prompt the user to install, and will send them on their way.

The cons with this approach is, every request to post to a friends' wall turns into 3 requests.
- The initial page load
- The OAuth redirect / load
- The redirect from OAuth back to your application
This approach also requires that you add a flag to your next key in your loginURL, which you can look for to make sure the user went through the OAuth endpoint, otherwise you're going to get an infinite redirect error.

Utilize the FB Javascript SDK to check for your users' current set of permissions. To do this, you'll utilize the FB.getLoginStatus method.

Example:

<div id="fb-root"></div>
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.5.2.min.js"
    type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">
 </script>
<script src="http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js"
    type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">
 </script>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function($)
{
    FB.init({
        appId: '<?= FB_APP_ID; ?>',
        cookie: true,
        status: true,
        xfbml: true
    });

    $('a').click(function(event)
    {
        var self = this;

        event.preventDefault();

        FB.getLoginStatus(function(session)
        {
            if (session.perms.match(/\"publish_stream\"/))
            {
                /* This user has publish stream, so we don't need
                 * to ask again
                **/
                window.location = $(self).attr('href');
            }
            else
            {
                /* This user does not have publish stream, so we need
                 * to ask.
                **/
                FB.login(function(response)
                {
                    if (response && response.perms.match(/publish_stream/))
                    {
                        /* We now have publish stream access! */
                        window.location = $(self).attr('href');
                    }
                }, {
                    perms: 'publish_stream'
                });
            }
        })

        return false;
    })
})(jQuery);

Don't utilize any extended permissions, use the Javascript SDK (again) and give the user a publish-dialog for each user they would like to publish on the wall of. This is a relatively easy thing to do, also.

Example:

given your links for users:

<a href="#" data-id="123">Friend 1</a>
<a href="#" data-id="456">Friend 2</a>
<a href="#" data-id="789">Friend 3</a>

You can do something like this:

<div id="fb-root"></div>
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.5.2.min.js"
    type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">
</script>
<script src="http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js"
    type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function($)
{
    $('a').click(function(event)
    {
        var user_id = $(this).data('id');

        FB.ui({
            method:    'feed',
            message:   'Hello!',
            to:         user_id
        }, function(response)
        {
            //this gets called whether it was successful, or not.
        })
    });

})(jQuery);