Is it possible to give a top-level function access to an object's members in C++?

So I'm writing some wrapper classes for GUI programming in Win32. I'm starting with a Window class, and so far it contains a MainLoop method that is basically a clone of the standard Win32 WinMain function. That way, one can do something like this:

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE hPrev, LPSTR szCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
  Window *win = new Window();

  // Do all your widget creation and add it to the window object...

  return win->MainLoop(hInst, hPrev, szCmdLine, nCmdShow);
}

Inside the window object's MainLoop method, it must create the new Win32 window by setting its lpfnWndProc member. This member, as any Win32 programmer knows, is a function pointer to a specifically defined WndProc function. The problem is, if I were to create a WndProc function, I would need access to that window object's members (so that it knew what to draw on the window, etc.). This leaves me two options (that I know of):

1. I can define WndProc at the top level, but that cuts off access to the object's members.

2. I开发者_如何学Go can define it as a class method, but then it's not the exact function type that lpfnWndProc asks for, so I can't set it!

Can anyone help me unravel this catch-22?

---

You could also make it a static member function. :)
Anyways, a solution depends on if you need only one window or if you need multiple windows. First a solution for single windows:

// in .h
class Window{
public:
  static LRESULT WINAPI MessageProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
  LRESULT InternalMessageProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
  // ...
};

// in .cpp
#include "Window.h"

Window* global_window = 0;

Window::Window(/*...*/){
  if(!global_window)
    global_window = this;
  else
    // error or exception... or something else
}

LRESULT WINAPI Window::MessageProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){
  return global_window->InternalMessageProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}

Now if you want to allow multiple windows, use a std::map (or if your compiler supports std::unordered_map).
Edit: This solution comes with some subtle problems. As @Ben Voigt points out in his comment, you get a chicken and egg problem as the MessageProc is called inside of CreateWindow(Ex), but only after the CreateWindow(Ex) call you have the window handle. Here's a solution based on Ben's next comment (thanks!):

// Window.h stays the same

// in .cpp
#include "Window.h"
#include <map>

std::map<HWND, Window*> window_map;
Window* currently_created_window = 0;

Window::Window(){
  currently_created_window = this;
  window_handle = CreateWindow(/*...*/);
}

LRESULT WINAPI Window::MessageProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){
  // if the key 'hWnd' doesn't exist yet in the map
  // a new key-value pair gets created and the value gets value-initialized
  // which, in case of a pointer, is 0
  if(window_map[hWnd] == 0){
    // window doesn't exist yet in the map, add it
    window_map[hWnd] = currently_created_window;
  }
  window_map[hWnd]->InternalMessageProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}

Be cautious though, as the above example isn't thread-safe. You need to mutex-lock the creation of the window:

Window::Window(/*...*/){
  Lock lock_it(your_mutex);
  currently_created_window = this;
  window_handle = CreateWindow(/*...*/);
  lock_it.release();
  // rest of the initialization
}

The above should do for the thread-safety (I hope).

---

You need to create window map and when you create new window just add it to this global map. You can use simple linked list instead of course.

map<HWND, Window *> wndmap;

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT Message, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)
{
    Window *pWnd = wndmap [hwnd];

    ....
}

---

WndProc cannot be an instance member function, because Windows will not pass any hidden this parameter. It can be namespace scope or a static member.

One simple solution is to use a map<HWND, Window*> to find the object, and then forward parameters to a method on the object.

Note that WndProc can maintain the map itself, since CreateWindow provides an opaque user parameter that shows up in WM_CREATE which is useful for carrying the Window *, and then you remove the entry in WM_DESTROY.

---

Define your WndProc as a static class member - this will then be compatible (for all compilers I'm aware of) with non-member function pointer, such as those used in Win32 programming.

But I have to say that this is a bit of a waste of time - there are a zillion Windows class libraries out there, and I don't think the world really needs another one.

---

Sounds you need to declare the function without defining it. That's what prototypes are for.

class Object;

void f(Object* o);

class Object {
    public:
        ...
        void some_method() {
           ... &f ...
        }

        void another_method() {
           ...
        }

        ...
};

void f(Object* o) {
    ...
    o->another_method();
    ...
}

The other way around might also be possible.

class Object {
    public:
        ...
        void some_method();
        void another_method();
        ...
};

void f(Object* o) {
    ...
    o->another_method();
    ...
}

void Object::some_method() {
    ... &f ...
}

void Object::another_method() {
    ...
}