How to list processes attached to a shared memory segment in linux?

How do I determine what process is attached to a shared memory segment?

awagner@tree:/home/awagner$ ipcs -m

------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status      
0x00000000 0          root       777        102400     1                       
0x00000000 32769      root       774        96         1          dest         
0x00000000 98306      awagner    600        393216     2          dest         
0x00000000 13107开发者_StackOverflow社区5     awagner    600        393216     2          dest    

i.e. how do I figure out which two processes are attached to shmid 98306?

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I don't think you can do this with the standard tools. You can use ipcs -mp to get the process ID of the last process to attach/detach but I'm not aware of how to get all attached processes with ipcs.

With a two-process-attached segment, assuming they both stayed attached, you can possibly figure out from the creator PID cpid and last-attached PID lpid which are the two processes but that won't scale to more than two processes so its usefulness is limited.

The cat /proc/sysvipc/shm method seems similarly limited but I believe there's a way to do it with other parts of the /proc filesystem, as shown below:

When I do a grep on the procfs maps for all processes, I get entries containing lines for the cpid and lpid processes.

For example, I get the following shared memory segment from ipcs -m:

------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status      
0x00000000 123456     pax        600        1024       2          dest

and, from ipcs -mp, the cpid is 3956 and the lpid is 9999 for that given shared memory segment (123456).

Then, with the command grep 123456 /proc/*/maps, I see:

/proc/3956/maps: blah blah blah 123456 /SYSV000000 (deleted)
/proc/9999/maps: blah blah blah 123456 /SYSV000000 (deleted)

So there is a way to get the processes that attached to it. I'm pretty certain that the dest status and (deleted) indicator are because the creator has marked the segment for destruction once the final detach occurs, not that it's already been destroyed.

So, by scanning of the /proc/*/maps "files", you should be able to discover which PIDs are currently attached to a given segment.

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given your example above - to find processes attached to shmid 98306

lsof | egrep "98306|COMMAND"

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I wrote a tool called who_attach_shm.pl, it parses /proc/[pid]/maps to get the information. you can download it from github

sample output:

shm attach process list, group by shm key
##################################################################

0x2d5feab4:    /home/curu/mem_dumper /home/curu/playd
0x4e47fc6c:    /home/curu/playd
0x77da6cfe:    /home/curu/mem_dumper /home/curu/playd /home/curu/scand

##################################################################
process shm usage
##################################################################
/home/curu/mem_dumper [2]:    0x2d5feab4 0x77da6cfe
/home/curu/playd [3]:    0x2d5feab4 0x4e47fc6c 0x77da6cfe
/home/curu/scand [1]:    0x77da6cfe

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Just in case someone is interest only in what kind of process created the shared moeries, call

ls -l /dev/shm

It lists the names that are associated with the shared memories - at least on Ubuntu. Usually the names are quite telling.

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Use ipcs -a: it gives detailed information of all resources [semaphore, shared-memory etc]

Here is the image of the output: