Cannot pass parameter by reference in MySQLi [duplicate]

This question already has answers here: 开发者_Go百科 PHP error: "Cannot pass parameter 2 by reference" (2 answers) Closed 1 year ago.

I am trying to pass a string into my MySQLi prepared statement but it gives me the error:

Cannot pass parameter by reference in MySQLi

Here is the relevant code:

$kv = json_encode(array($key => $value));
$stmt->prepare("insert into rules (application_id, ruletype, rule_name, rule_info) values (?, ?, ?, ?);");
$stmt->bind_param('iiss', $application_id, 1, $config_name, $kv);

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'1' cannot be passed by reference because it's not a variable but a literal. You need to create a variable with mentioned value and bind it instead because bind_param() function expects variables passed by reference.

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Check $config_name argument. '1' not pass as refernces